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Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext) | '{{short description|National anthem of Australia}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Use Australian English|date=April 2012}}
{{Infobox anthem
| title = Advance Australia Fair
| image = Advance Australia Fair.png
| alt =
| caption =
| prefix = National
| country = Australia
| author = [[Peter Dodds McCormick]]
| lyrics_date = November 1878
| composer = Peter Dodds McCormick
| music_date = November 1878
| adopted = {{start date|1974|04|09|df=y}}
| until = {{start date|1976|01|22|df=y}}
| readopted = {{start date|1984|04|19|df=y}}
| predecessor = "[[God Save the King|God Save the Queen]]"
| sound = Advance_Australia_Fair.ogg
| sound_title = [[Royal Australian Navy Band]] instrumental version (one verse)
}}
"'''Advance Australia Fair'''" is the [[national anthem]] of Australia. Written by Scottish-born Australian composer [[Peter Dodds McCormick]], the song was first performed as a patriotic song in Australia in 1878. It replaced "[[God Save the King|God Save the Queen]]" as the official national anthem in 1974, following a nationwide opinion survey, only for "God Save the Queen" to be reinstated in January 1976. However, a [[1977 Australian plebiscite (National Song)|plebiscite to choose the national song in 1977]] preferred "Advance Australia Fair", which was in turn reinstated as the national anthem in 1984. "God Save the Queen" became the [[royal anthem]] (later "God Save the King" on the ascension of [[Charles III|King Charles III]]), and is used at public engagements attended by [[Charles III|the King]] or members of the [[monarchy of Australia]]. The lyrics of the 1984 version of "Advance Australia Fair" were modified from McCormick's original and its verses were trimmed down from four to two. In January 2021, the official lyrics were changed once again, in recognition of the long habitation of [[Indigenous Australians]]. '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD'''''
==History==
===Origin===
{{Listen
| type =
| filename = Advance Australia Fair (1915).ogg
| title = 1915 band instrumental recording (one verse)
| description =
| type2 =
| filename2 = U.S. Navy Band, Advance Australia Fair (instrumental).ogg
| title2 = U.S. Navy Band instrumental version (one verse)
| description2 =
}}
"Advance Australia Fair" was published in early December 1878 by Scottish-born Australian composer [[Peter Dodds McCormick]] (1833–1916) under the pen-name "Amicus" (which means "friend" in Latin).<ref name="Aus Through">{{cite book | title = Australia Through Time | year = 1997 | publication-date = 1997 | publisher = [[Random House#International branches|Random House Australia]] | edition = 5th | pages = 56–57, 439, 446, 451, 479 | isbn = 978-0-09-183581-1 }}</ref> It was first sung by Andrew Fairfax, accompanied by a concert band conducted by McCormick, at a function of the Highland Society of New South Wales in Sydney on 30 November 1878 ([[Saint Andrew's Day]]).<ref name="SMH Dec 1878">{{cite news | url = http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article13425798 | title = News of the Day | newspaper = [[The Sydney Morning Herald]] | date = 5 December 1878 | access-date = 30 May 2020 | page = 5 | via = [[Trove]] ([[National Library of Australia]]) }}</ref><ref name="SMH Nov 1878">{{cite news | url = http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article13422200 | title = Advertising | newspaper = The Sydney Morning Herald | date = 27 November 1878 | access-date = 30 May 2020 | page = 2 | via = Trove (National Library of Australia) }}</ref> The song gained in popularity and an amended version was sung by a choir of around 10,000 at the inauguration of the [[Commonwealth of Australia]] on 1 January 1901. In 1907 the Australian Government awarded McCormick £100 for his composition.<ref>{{cite AuDB | id2=mccormick-peter-dodds-7323 |title=McCormick, Peter Dodds (1834–1916) |first=Jim |last=Fletcher |volume=10 |year=1986 |access-date=17 April 2018}}</ref>
In a letter to R.B. Fuller dated 1 August 1913, McCormick described the circumstances that inspired him to write "Advance Australia Fair" to be sung by a large choir with band accompaniment. McCormick had attended a concert at Sydney's Exhibition Building where various national anthems were played.
{{blockquote|This was very nicely done, but I felt very aggravated that there was not one note for Australia. On the way home in a bus, I concocted the first verse of my song & when I got home I set it to music. I first wrote it in the Tonic Sol-fa notation, then transcribed it into the Old Notation, & I tried it over on an instrument next morning, & found it correct. Strange to say there has not been a note of it altered since. Some alteration has been made in the wording, but the sense is the same. It seemed to me to be like an inspiration, & I wrote the words & music with the greatest ease.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nla.gov.au/anbd.bib-an000008257145|title=Letters [manuscript]|publisher=[[National Library of Australia]]|access-date=26 October 2008}} Letter to R.B. Fuller Esq. dated 1 August 1913</ref>}}
The earliest known sound recording of "Advance Australia Fair" appears in ''The Landing of the Australian Troops in Egypt'' ({{circa|1916}}), a short commercial recording dramatising the arrival of Australian troops in Egypt ''en route'' to [[Gallipoli campaign|Gallipoli]].<ref>[http://aso.gov.au/titles/historical/landing-of-australian-troops/clip1/ The Landing of the Australian Troops in Egypt] from National Film and Sound Archive, at australianscreen online</ref>
Before its adoption as Australia's national anthem, "Advance Australia Fair" had considerable use elsewhere. For example, Australia's national broadcaster, the [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation|Australian Broadcasting Commission]], used it to announce its news bulletins until 1952.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.screensound.gov.au/services/soa-media/index.html |title=Media Resources – Images and Audio files for Download |publisher=[[National Film and Sound Archive]] |access-date=1 November 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071018045853/http://screensound.gov.au/services/soa-media/index.html |archive-date=18 October 2007 |url-status=dead}} (1943 – The Majestic Fanfare by Charles Williams, the ABC radio news theme)</ref> It was also frequently played at the start or end of official functions. Towards the end of World War II it was one of three songs played in certain picture theatres, along with "God Save the King" and the US national anthem, [[The Star-Spangled Banner]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article17882691|title=Song and Two Anthems|newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=30 November 1943|access-date=1 August 2016}}</ref>
===Influence===
Other songs and marches have been influenced by "Advance Australia Fair", such as the Australian [[Honors music|vice-regal salute]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Australian National Anthem |url=https://www.pmc.gov.au/government/australian-national-anthem |website=Prime Minister and Cabinet |access-date=9 January 2021}}</ref>
===Competitions, plebiscite and adoption===
{{Listen
| type = music
| filename = Advance Australia Fair (1927).ogg
| title = 1927 band and vocal recording (three verses)
| description = Sung by [[Peter Dawson (bass-baritone)|Peter Dawson]]
}}
In 1973, Prime Minister [[Gough Whitlam]] and his government, desiring to forge a new nationalism separate from the United Kingdom, decided that Australia needed a national anthem that could represent the country with "distinction", and they held a competition to find one to replace the existing anthem, "[[God Save the King|God Save the Queen]]". In January of that year, Whitlam dedicated an entire [[Australia Day]] speech to the search for a new anthem, referring to it as a "symbolic expression of our national pride and dignity".<ref>Whitlam, G 1973, "National Anthem", Australia Day Broadcast</ref> The [[Australia Council for the Arts]] organised the contest, which was dubbed the "Australian National Anthem Quest". The contest was held in two stages, the first seeking lyrics and the second music, each having a large prize of [[Australian dollar|A$]]5,000 for the winning entry. On the recommendation of the Council for the Arts, none of the new entries was felt worthy enough, so the contest ended with suggestions for "Advance Australia Fair", "[[Waltzing Matilda]]" and "[[The Song of Australia]]".<ref name="Official History">{{cite web|url=http://www.itsanhonour.gov.au/symbols/anthem.cfm#history|title=Australian National Anthem – History|publisher=Australian Government|date=10 July 2007|access-date=1 November 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906030849/http://www.itsanhonour.gov.au/symbols/anthem.cfm|archive-date=6 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
In 1974 the Whitlam government performed a nationwide opinion survey to determine the song to be sung on occasions of national significance. Conducted through the [[Australian Bureau of Statistics]], the survey polled 60,000 people (0.05% of Australians at the time) nationally.<ref name="Aus Through"/> "Advance Australia Fair" was chosen by 51.4% of respondents and, on 9 April 1974, Whitlam announced in parliament that it was the national anthem.<ref>{{cite news |title=Advance Australia Fair— it's official |newspaper=The Age (Melbourne) |date=April 9, 1974 |page=1}}</ref><ref name="Aus Through"/> It was to be used on all occasions excepting those of a specifically regal nature.<ref name="Aus Through"/> A spokesman for Whitlam later stated that the Government regarded the tune, primarily, as the national anthem. The choice came under attack almost immediately, with an editorial noting that "For Australians, the only consolation is that there will be very few occasions when the words are sung,"<ref>{{cite news |title=An anthem for the 1870s |newspaper=The Age (Melbourne) |date=April 9, 1974 |page=9}}</ref> and the Anglican Dean of Sydney commenting "This second-rate secular song is completely inappropriate for use in churches."<ref>{{cite news |title=Cleric: anthem childish ditty |newspaper=The Age (Melbourne) |date=April 25, 1974 |page=2}}</ref> Officials in four states said that Advance Australia Fair would not be played at official functions and that "God Save the Queen" would not be replaced, with Sir Harry Budd of New South Wales saying that the lyrics "are foolish and banal and their sentiments ridiculous."<ref>{{cite news |title=Australia's New Chosen Anthem Goes Unsung |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=May 5, 1974 |page=IA-1}}</ref>
During the [[1975 Australian federal election|1975 election campaign]] following the [[1975 Australian constitutional crisis|dismissal of Whitlam by Sir John Kerr]], [[David Combe]] proposed that the song be played at the start of the [[Australian Labor Party|Labor Party]]'s official campaign launch on 24 November 1975 at [[Festival Hall (Melbourne)|Festival Hall, Melbourne]]. Whitlam's speechwriter [[Graham Freudenberg]] rejected this idea because, among other reasons, the status of the anthem at that point was still tentative.<ref>Graham Freudenberg, "We've been sacked", ''The Sunday Age'', 6 November 2005, p. 13</ref>
On 22 January 1976 the [[Malcolm Fraser|Fraser]] government reinstated "God Save the Queen" as the national anthem for use at royal, vice-regal, defence and [[loyal toast]] occasions.<ref name="Aus Through"/> Fraser stated that "Advance Australia Fair", "Song of Australia" or "Waltzing Matilda" could be used for non-regal occasions.<ref name="Aus Through"/> His government made plans to conduct a national poll to find a song for use on ceremonial occasions when it was desired to mark a separate Australian identity. This was conducted as a [[1977 Australian plebiscite (National Song)|plebiscite to choose the National Song]], held as an optional additional question in the [[1977 Australian referendum|1977 referendum]] on various issues. On 23 May the government announced the results, "Advance Australia Fair" received 43.29% of the vote, defeating the three alternatives, "[[Waltzing Matilda]]" (28.28%), "[[The Song of Australia]]" (9.65%) and the existing national anthem, "God Save the Queen" (18.78%).<ref name="Aus Through"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aph.gov.au/library/elect/referend/pleb.htm |title=Plebiscite results: National Song Poll |publisher=[[Parliament of Australia]] |date=30 June 2002 |access-date=13 February 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080205110200/http://www.aph.gov.au/library/elect/referend/pleb.htm |archive-date=5 February 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
"Advance Australia Fair", with modified lyrics and reduced to two verses (see [[#Development of lyrics|development of lyrics]]), was adopted as the Australian national anthem by the [[Australian Labor Party|Labor]] government of [[Bob Hawke]],<ref name="Aus Through"/> coming into effect on 19 April 1984.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aph.gov.au/library/handbook/national_symbols/index.htm |title=Parliamentary Handbook of the Commonwealth of Australia – National Symbols |publisher=[[Parliament of Australia]] |date=21 September 2005 |access-date=1 November 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070830052800/http://www.aph.gov.au/library/handbook/national_symbols/index.htm |archive-date=30 August 2007 |url-status=dead}} (proclamation by Governor-General dated 19 April 1984)</ref> At the same time, "God Save the King/Queen" became known as the [[royal anthem]], and continues to be played alongside the Australian national anthem at public engagements in Australia that are attended by [[Charles III|the King]] or any other members of the Royal Family.<ref name="Official History"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pmc.gov.au/government/australian-national-anthem |title=Australian National Anthem |author=<!--Not stated--> |publisher=Australian Government |website=Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet |access-date=2020-04-26}}</ref>
Even though any personal [[copyright]] of Peter Dodds McCormick's original lyrics has expired, as he died in 1916, the Commonwealth of Australia claims copyright on the official lyrics and particular arrangements of music. Non-commercial use of the anthem is permitted without case-by-case permission, but the Commonwealth government requires permission for commercial use.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pmc.gov.au/government/australian-national-anthem/use-australian-national-anthem|title=Use of the Australian National Anthem|publisher=Australian Government: Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet|access-date=8 July 2021}} Undated.</ref>
The orchestral arrangement of "Advance Australia Fair" that is now regularly played for Australian victories at international sporting medal ceremonies, and at the openings of major domestic sporting, cultural and community events, is by [[Tommy Tycho]], an immigrant from Hungary. It was commissioned by [[ABC Music]] in 1984 and then televised by [[Network Ten|Channel 10]] in 1986 in their Australia Day broadcast, featuring [[Julie Anthony (singer)|Julie Anthony]] as the soloist.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tommytycho.com.au/arranger.htm|title=Tommy Tycho—Arranger|access-date=27 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110822093116/http://www.tommytycho.com.au/arranger.htm|archive-date=22 August 2011|url-status=dead|quote="Tommy's musical arrangement of Advance Australia Fair has become the definitive and preferred version that is performed at major sporting and community events around the country. It was first commissioned by ABC Records in 1984 and then televised by Channel 10 in 1986 in their Australia Day Broadcast, featuring Julie Anthony AM, MBE as the soloist."}}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=December 2018}}<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-04-04/australian-conductor-composer-tommy-tycho-dies/4610048 |title=Australian composer Tommy Tycho dies |date=2013-04-04 |work=ABC News |access-date=2020-04-30 |language=en-AU}}</ref>
===Legislative basis===
The national anthem was changed on 1 January 2021<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=
https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2021G00004|title=Australian National Anthem – Proclamation of Amended Words|website=Federal Register of Legislation|publisher=Australian Government|date=30 December 2020|access-date=26 April 2021}}</ref> by proclamation of the [[Governor-General of Australia|Governor-General]] on the advice of the [[Federal Executive Council (Australia)|Federal Executive Council]]. The change prior to that was on 19 April 1984.
==Lyrics==
The lyrics of "Advance Australia Fair", as modified by the [[National Australia Day Council]], were officially adopted in April 1984.<ref name=anthem>{{cite web|url=http://www.dfat.gov.au/facts/nat_anthem.html|title=The Australian National Anthem|publisher=[[Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (Australia)|Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade]]|access-date=1 November 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071023080802/http://www.dfat.gov.au/facts/nat_anthem.html|archive-date=23 October 2007}}</ref> The lyrics were updated as of 1 January 2021<ref name=":1" /> in an attempt to recognise the legacy of [[Indigenous Australians]], with the word "one" in the second line replacing the previous "young".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/dec/31/we-are-one-and-free-australian-anthem-to-change-in-attempt-to-recognise-indigenous-history|last=Hurst|first=Daniel|title='We are one and free': Australia's national anthem to change in attempt to recognise Indigenous history|work=The Guardian|date=31 December 2020|access-date=25 April 2021}}</ref> The lyrics are now as follows:<ref name=":1" />
<poem style="float:left; margin-left: 1em;">'''I'''
Australians all let us rejoice,
For we are one and free;
We've golden soil and wealth for toil,
Our home is girt by sea;
Our land abounds in Nature's gifts
Of beauty rich and rare;
In history's page, let every stage
Advance Australia fair!
In joyful strains then let us sing,
Advance Australia fair!</poem>
<poem style="float:left; margin-left: 1em;>'''II'''
Beneath our radiant Southern Cross,
We'll toil with hearts and hands;
To make this Commonwealth of ours
Renowned of all the lands;
For those who've come across the seas
We've boundless plains to share;
With courage let us all combine
To advance Australia fair.
In joyful strains then let us sing
Advance Australia fair!</poem>{{Clear|left}}
==Development of lyrics==
Since the original lyrics were written in 1878, there have been several changes, in some cases with the intent of altering the anthem's political focus especially in regard to [[gender neutrality]] and [[Indigenous Australians]]. Some of these have been minor while others have significantly altered the song. The original song was four verses long. For its 1984 adoption as the national anthem, the song was cut from the four verses to two. The first verse was kept largely as the 1878 original, except for the change in the first line from "{{em|Australia's sons}} let us rejoice" to "{{em|Australians all}} let us rejoice".<ref name=anthem/> The second, third and fourth verses of the original were dropped, in favour of a modified version of the new third verse which was sung at [[Federation of Australia|Federation]] in 1901.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.mus-an6397822|title=Digital Collections – Advance Australia Fair (1901–1919)|publisher=[[National Library of Australia]]|access-date=3 May 2008}}</ref>
The lyrics published in the second edition (1879) were as follows:<ref name="1879 Version">{{cite news | url = http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article62087415 | title = 'Advance, Australia Fair' | newspaper = [[Clarence and Richmond Examiner and New England Advertiser]] | volume = XX | issue = 1472 | date = 13 September 1879 | access-date = 29 November 2020 | page = 3 | via = National Library of Australia }}</ref>
<poem style="float:left; margin-left: 1em;>'''I'''
Australia's sons, let us rejoice,
For we are young and free;
We've golden soil and wealth for toil,
Our home is girt by sea;
Our land abounds in nature's gifts
Of beauty rich and rare;
In history's page, let every stage
Advance Australia fair.
In joyful strains let us sing,
Advance, Australia fair.</poem>
<poem style="float:left; margin-left: 1em;>'''II'''
When gallant [[James Cook|Cook]] from [[Albion]] sail'd,
To trace wide oceans o'er,
True British courage bore him on,
Til he landed on our shore.
Then here he raised Old England's flag,
The standard of the brave;
"With all her faults we love her still"
"[[Rule, Britannia!|Britannia rules the wave]]."
In joyful strains then let us sing,
Advance, Australia fair.</poem>
<poem style="float:left; margin-left: 1em;>'''III'''
While other nations of the globe
Behold us from afar,
We'll rise to high renown and shine
Like our glorious southern star;
From England soil and Fatherland,
[[Scotland|Scotia]] and [[Ireland|Erin]] fair,
Let all combine with heart and hand
To advance Australia fair.
In joyful strains then let us sing
Advance, Australia fair.</poem>
<poem style="float:left; margin-left: 1em;>'''IV'''
Should foreign foe e'er sight our coast,
Or dare a foot to land,
We'll rouse to arms like sires of yore,
To guard our native strand;
Britannia then shall surely know,
Though oceans roll between,
Her sons in fair Australia's land
Still keep their courage green.
In joyful strains then let us sing
Advance Australia fair.</poem>{{Clear|left}}
The 1901 Federation version of the third verse was originally sung as:
<poem style="float:left; margin-left: 1em;>'''III'''
Beneath our radiant Southern Cross,
We'll toil with hearts and hands;
To make our youthful Commonwealth,
Renowned of all the lands;
For loyal sons beyond the seas
We've boundless plains to share;
With courage let us all combine
To advance Australia fair.
In joyful strains then let us sing
Advance Australia fair!</poem>{{Clear|left}}
The lyrics of "Advance Australia Fair", as modified by the [[National Australia Day Council]] and officially adopted on 19 April 1984, were as follows:
<poem style="float:left; margin-left: 1em;>'''I'''
Australians all let us rejoice,
For we are young and free;
We've golden soil and wealth for toil;
Our home is girt by sea;
Our land abounds in nature's gifts
Of beauty rich and rare;
In history's page, let every stage
Advance Australia Fair.
In joyful strains then let us sing,
Advance Australia Fair.</poem>
<poem style="float:left; margin-left: 1em;>'''II'''
Beneath our radiant [[Southern Cross]]
We'll toil with hearts and hands;
To make this Commonwealth of ours
Renowned of all the lands;
For those who've come across the seas
We've boundless plains to share;
With courage let us all combine
To Advance Australia Fair.
In joyful strains then let us sing,
Advance Australia Fair.</poem>{{Clear|left}}
These lyrics were updated on 1 January 2021 to the [[#Lyrics|current version]], in which "young" in the second line is replaced with "one" to reflect the pre-colonial presence of [[Indigenous Australians]], who have lived in Australia much longer than Europeans.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hurst |first=Daniel |date=2020-12-31 |title='We are one and free': Australia's national anthem to change in attempt to recognise Indigenous history |url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/dec/31/we-are-one-and-free-australian-anthem-to-change-in-attempt-to-recognise-indigenous-history |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref>
==Criticism==
===General criticism===
In May 1976, after reinstating "God Save the Queen", Fraser advised the [[Australian Olympic Committee|Australian Olympic Federation]] to use "Waltzing Matilda" as the national anthem for the forthcoming [[1976 Summer Olympics|Montreal Olympic Games]].<ref name="Fraser prefers Matilda">{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article131815544 |title=PM wants 'Matilda' at Games |newspaper=[[The Canberra Times]] |volume=50 |issue=14,370 |date=5 May 1976 |access-date=15 October 2021 |page=10 |via=National Library of Australia }}</ref> Fraser responded to criticism of "Waltzing Matilda" compared with "Advance Australia Fair", and countered, "in the second verse... we find these words, 'Britannia rules the waves'."<ref name="Fraser prefers Matilda"/> Despite the outcome of the 1977 plebiscite to choose the National Song favouring "Advance Australia Fair", successive [[Fraser Government|Fraser Ministries]] did not implement the change.<ref name="Aus Through"/>
The fourth line of the anthem, "our home is girt by sea", has been criticised for using the so-called [[Archaism|archaic]] word "[[wikt:girt|girt]]".<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/opinion/time-girt-went-down-the-gurgler/story-e6frfifo-1111116123498|title=Time girt went down the gurgler|last=Campbell|first=David|date=22 April 2008|newspaper=Herald Sun|access-date=19 April 2011}}</ref> Additionally, the lyrics and melody of the Australian national anthem have been criticised in some quarters as being dull and unendearing to the Australian people. [[National Party of Australia|National Party]] senator [[Sandy Macdonald]] said in 2001 that "'Advance Australia Fair' is so boring that the nation risks singing itself to sleep, with boring music and words impossible to understand".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2001/06/22/waust22.xml|title=Call to scrap Australia's 'dull' anthem|author=Barbie Dutter|date=27 June 2001|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph (Sydney)]]|access-date=20 December 2007}}{{dead link|date=July 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
Political sentiment is divided. [[Craig Emerson]] of the [[Australian Labor Party]] has critiqued the anthem,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,4057,1570357%5E1683,00.html|title=Advance Australia Fair strikes a sour note|date=2 January 2001|newspaper=The Australian|access-date=20 December 2007}}{{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> former MP [[Peter Slipper]] has said that Australia should consider another anthem,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/politics/2001/06/item20010621121726_1.htm|title=Senator reignites debate over national anthem|date=21 June 2001|work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20010719092243/http://www.abc.net.au/news/politics/2001/06/item20010621121726_1.htm|archive-date=19 July 2001|access-date=20 December 2007}}</ref> in 2011 former Victorian Premier [[Jeff Kennett]] suggested "[[I Am Australian]]",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/strewth-time-for-dinki-di-anthem/story-e6frea6u-1226004056508|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140812021914/http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/strewth-time-for-dinki-di-anthem/story-e6frea6u-1226004056508|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 August 2014|title=Jeff Kennett wants national anthem change|author1=Grant McArthur|date=11 February 2011|website=[[The Advertiser (Adelaide)|The Advertiser]]|access-date=9 August 2014}}</ref> while former [[Australian Labor Party]] leader [[Kim Beazley]] defended it.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.alp.org.au/media/0601/kbmcact210601.html|title=Kim Beazley – Doorstop Interview (transcript)|date=21 June 2001|publisher=[[Australian Labor Party]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010718044509/http://www.alp.org.au/media/0601/kbmcact210601.html|archive-date=18 July 2001|access-date=20 December 2007}}</ref>
===Recognition of Indigenous Australians===
The song has been criticised for failing to represent or acknowledge [[Indigenous Australians|Australia's Indigenous peoples]] and aspects of the country's colonial past, leading to modification. The lyrics have been accused of celebrating British colonisation and perpetuating the concept of ''[[terra nullius]];'' the now-changed second line of the anthem ("for we are young and free") was criticised in particular for ignoring the [[History of Aboriginal Australians|long history of Indigenous Australians]].<ref>{{cite news|title=New version of national anthem cuts 'offensive' lyrics|url=https://thewest.com.au/news/indigenous-australians/alternative-version-of-advance-australia-fair-recognises-aboriginal-culture-ng-b88484280z|work=[[The West Australian]]|date=22 May 2017|access-date=13 August 2017}}</ref> It has also been suggested that the word "fair" celebrates the "civilising" mission of British colonists.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Kelen|first=Christopher|author-link=Christopher Kelen|title=How fair is fair? The colour of justice in Australia's official anthem|url=http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0207/fairisfair.php|journal=M/C: A Journal of Media and Culture|volume=5|number=4|date=July 2002|doi=10.5204/mcj.1964 |access-date=17 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228233128/http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0207/fairisfair.php|archive-date=28 February 2019|url-status=dead|doi-access=free}}</ref>
Since about 2015, public debate about the anthem has increased. Boxer [[Anthony Mundine]] stated in 2013, 2017 and 2018 that he would not stand for the anthem, prompting organisers not to play it before his fights.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/anthony-mundine-won-t-stand-for-anthem|title=Anthony Mundine won't stand for anthem|date=23 October 2018|website=SBS News|language=en|access-date=2019-09-14}}</ref> In September 2018 a 9-year-old [[Brisbane]] girl was disciplined by her school after refusing to stand for the national anthem;<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-09-12/national-anthem-protest-school-brisbane/10235792|title=9yo refuses to stand for the anthem because it's for 'white people of Australia'|last=Siganto|first=Talissa|date=2018-09-12|website=ABC News|language=en-AU|access-date=2019-09-14}}</ref> her actions were applauded by some public commenters, and criticised by others.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/advance-australia-fair-is-an-anthem-that-is-racist-at-so-many-levels-20180916-p5043s.html|title=Advance Australia Fair is an anthem that is racist at so many levels|last=McFadyen|first=Warwick|date=2018-09-16|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|language=en|access-date=2019-09-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2018/09/12/australian-lawmakers-attack-year-old-girl-who-refused-stand-during-their-national-anthem/|title=Australian lawmakers attack 9-year-old girl who refused to stand during their national anthem|newspaper=The Washington Post|language=en|access-date=2019-09-14}}</ref> In 2019, several [[National Rugby League]] football players decided not to sing the anthem before the first match of the [[State of Origin]] series<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/sport/nrl/indigenous-rapper-briggs-takes-down-advance-australia-fair-line-by-line/news-story/24679293a25df65623f4ed29ed8d53b7|title='This song sucks': Rapper slams anthem|date=2019-06-05|website=www.dailytelegraph.com.au|language=en|access-date=2019-09-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/nrl/cody-walker-to-remain-silent-during-advance-australia-fair-20190528-p51s2d.html|title=Cody Walker to remain silent during Advance Australia Fair|last=Pengilly|first=Christian Nicolussi, Adam|date=2019-05-28|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|language=en|access-date=2019-09-14}}</ref> and before the [[Indigenous All Stars (rugby league)|Indigenous All-Stars]] series with New Zealand;<ref name="Meninga">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nrl.com/news/2019/02/16/mal-meninga-australia-needs-referendum-on-national-anthem/|title=Australia needs referendum on national anthem|last=Meninga|first=Mal|date=2019-02-16|website=National Rugby League|language=en|access-date=2019-09-14}}</ref> NRL coach and celebrated former player [[Mal Meninga]] supported the protesting players and called for a referendum on the subject.<ref name="Meninga"/>
Several alternative versions of "Advance Australia Fair" have been proposed to address the alleged exclusion of Indigenous Australians. [[Judith Durham]] of [[The Seekers]] and [[Muthi Muthi|Mutti Mutti]] musician [[Kutcha Edwards]] released their alternative lyrics in 2009, replacing "for we are young and free" with the opening lines "Australians let us stand as one, upon this sacred land".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sbs.com.au/nitv/nitv-news/article/2015/11/06/judith-durhams-new-anthem-lyric-contemporary-australia|title=Judith Durham's new anthem: 'Lyric For Contemporary Australia'|website=NITV|date=6 November 2015 |language=en|access-date=2019-09-13}}</ref> In 2015, Aboriginal Australian soprano [[Deborah Cheetham]] declined an invitation to sing the anthem at the 2015 [[Australian Football League|AFL]] grand final after the AFL turned down her request to replace the words "for we are young and free" with "in peace and harmony". She has advocated for the lyrics being rewritten and endorsed Durham and Edwards' alternative version.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theconversation.com/young-and-free-why-i-declined-to-sing-the-national-anthem-at-the-2015-afl-grand-final-49234|title=Young and free? Why I declined to sing the national anthem at the 2015 AFL Grand Final|last1=Cheetham|first1=Deborah|website=The Conversation|date=19 October 2015 |language=en}}</ref>
In 2017 the Recognition in Anthem Project<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rap.org.au/|title=Recognition in Anthem|website=Recognition in Anthem|access-date=13 September 2019|archive-date=25 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225012438/https://www.rap.org.au/|url-status=dead}}</ref> was established and began work on a new version, with lyrics written by poet and former Victorian Supreme Court judge [[Peter Vickery]] following consultation with Indigenous communities and others.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sbs.com.au/nitv/article/2017/04/06/new-call-update-national-anthem|title=New call to update the National Anthem|website=NITV|date=6 April 2017 |language=en|access-date=2019-09-13}}</ref> Vickery's proposed lyrics replaced "we are young and free" with "we are one and free" in the first verse, deleted the second and added two new ones; the second verse acknowledging Indigenous history, immigration and calls for unity and respect, and the third adapting lines from the official second verse. It was debuted at the Desert Song Festival in [[Alice Springs]] by an Aboriginal choir.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.smh.com.au/national/we-are-one-not-young-change-to-national-anthem-proposed-20190912-p52qs7.html |title = We are 'one', not 'young': Change to national anthem proposed |last = Power |first = Julie |date = 2019-09-13 |website = The Sydney Morning Herald |language = en-AU |access-date = 2019-09-14 }}</ref> Former prime minister Bob Hawke endorsed Vickery's alternative lyrics in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rap.org.au/milestones|title=Milestones|website=Recognition in Anthem|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-13|archive-date=29 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229135026/https://www.rap.org.au/milestones|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2017, the federal government under then prime minister [[Malcolm Turnbull]] granted permission for Vickery's lyrics to be sung at certain occasions as a "patriotic song", but said that before making any official change to the anthem, "The Government would need to be convinced of a sufficient groundswell of support in the wider community".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thewest.com.au/news/indigenous-australians/alternative-version-of-advance-australia-fair-recognises-aboriginal-culture-ng-b88484280z|title=New version of national anthem cuts 'offensive' lyrics|date=2017-05-22|website=The West Australian|language=en|access-date=2019-09-13}}</ref>
In November 2020, NSW Premier [[Gladys Berejiklian]] proposed changing one word in the opening couplet, from "we are young and free" to "we are one and free", to acknowledge Australia's Indigenous history.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/politics/nsw/a-small-change-can-make-advance-australia-fair-a-better-anthem-20201111-p56dpe.html|title=A small change can make Advance Australia Fair a better anthem|date=11 November 2020|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|access-date=11 November 2020}}</ref> The proposal was supported by the federal [[Minister for Indigenous Australians]], [[Ken Wyatt]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/anthony-mundine-and-latrell-mitchell-speak-out-on-indigenous-language-national-anthem|last=Young|first=Evan|title=Anthony Mundine and Latrell Mitchell speak out on Indigenous-language national anthem|website=SBS News|date=7 December 2020|access-date=1 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/changing-the-national-anthem-is-real-reconciliation-20210101-p56r6v.html|last=Wyatt|first=Ken|title='Changing the national anthem is real reconciliation'|work=Sydney Morning Herald|date=1 January 2021|access-date=1 January 2021}}</ref> and in December 2020 Prime Minister [[Scott Morrison]] announced that this change would be adopted from 1 January 2021, having received approval from [[Governor-General of Australia|Governor-General]] [[David Hurley]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/australia-s-national-anthem-changed-to-reflect-stories-of-the-many-first-nations-peoples|last=Khan|first=Biwa|title=Australia's national anthem changed to reflect 'stories of the many First Nations peoples'|website=SBS News|access-date=31 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/not-forever-young-australia-now-a-nation-that-is-one-and-free-20201231-p56r2x.html|last=Curtis|first=Katina|title=Not forever young: Australia now a nation that is 'one and free'|work=Sydney Morning Herald|date=31 December 2020|access-date=1 January 2021}}</ref> This change was briefly used by the No Campaign's arguments<ref>The Referendum Pamphlet. Published by the AEC on behalf of the No Campaign. (see page 5)
https://www.aec.gov.au/referendums/files/pamphlet/your-official-yes-no-referendum-pamphlet.pdf</ref> for the [[2023 Australian Indigenous Voice referendum|Voice to Parliament]] referendum.
==Dharawal lyrics==
Lyrics for the anthem have been written twice in the [[Dharug language]], an [[Australian Aboriginal language]] spoken around Sydney by the [[Dharawal people]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dharug.dalang.com.au/Dharug/plugin_wiki/page/advance_australia_fair_in_dharawal|last=Troy|first=Jacqueline|title=Advance Australia Fair in Dharawal|website=Dharug and Dharawal Resources|access-date=1 January 2021|archive-date=8 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210108161757/https://dharug.dalang.com.au/Dharug/plugin_wiki/page/advance_australia_fair_in_dharawal|url-status=dead}}</ref>
A first version was first performed in July 2010, at a [[Rugby League State of Origin]] match in Sydney, though there was some opposition:{{Explain|reason=what opposition?|date=October 2022}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/nrl/origin-anthem-mends-some-hearts-and-breaks-others-20100708-102fs.html|last1=Lewis|first1=Daniel|last2=Woods|first2=Paddy|title=Origin anthem mends some hearts and breaks others|work=Sydney Morning Herald|date=9 July 2010|access-date=1 January 2021}}</ref>
In December 2020, another setting, in Dharug, followed by the anthem in English, was sung before a [[Rugby Union]] international between Australia and [[Argentina]]:<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/rugby-union/indigenous-lyrics-to-super-charge-australian-anthem-20201204-p56kpa.html|last=FitzSimons|first=Peter|title=Indigenous lyrics to supercharge Australian anthem|work=Sydney Morning Herald|date=4 December 2020|access-date=1 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/dec/05/wallabies-sing-indigenous-language-australian-anthem-before-tri-nations-draw-with-argentina|last=Kemp|first=Emma|title=Wallabies sing Indigenous language Australian anthem before Tri-Nations draw with Argentina|work=The Guardian|date=5 December 2020|access-date=1 January 2021}}</ref>
==Other unofficial variants==
In 2011, about fifty different Christian schools from different denominations came under criticism for singing an unofficial version of the song written by the Sri Lankan immigrant Ruth Ponniah in 1988. The song replaced the official second verse of "Advance Australia Fair" with lyrics that were Christian in nature.<ref name="fire">
{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2011-09-23/christian-schools-changing-the-national-anthem/2939594|title=Schools under fire for 'Christian' national anthem|work=ABC News|access-date=17 July 2017|date=23 September 2011}}</ref>
{{Blockquote|text=With Christ our head and cornerstone, we'll build our nation's might;
Whose way and truth and light alone, can guide our path aright;
Our lives a sacrifice of love, reflect our master's care;
With faces turned to heav'n above, Advance Australia Fair;
In joyful strains then let us sing, Advance Australia Fair.}}
[[Minister for School Education, Early Childhood and Youth]] [[Peter Garrett]] and chief executive of the [[National Australia Day Council]] Warren Pearson admonished the schools for modifying the lyrics of the anthem, and the Australian Parents Council and the Federation of Parents and Citizens' Association of NSW called for a ban on the modified song. Stephen O'Doherty, chief executive of Christian Schools Australia, defended the use of the lyrics in response.<ref name="fire" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/god-save-us-from-a-religious-chord/news-story/270f38a1abe51b7a203873258aefa121|title=Christian schools re-write Australian national anthem|work=[[The Daily Telegraph (Sydney)|The Daily Telegraph]]|location=Sydney|access-date=17 July 2017|date=2 October 2011}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
===Notes===
{{Notelist}}
==External links==
{{Wikisource}}
* [https://www.australia.gov.au/our-country Lyrics] on official government website
* [http://nationalanthems.me/australia-advance-australia-fair/ Streaming audio of ''Advance Australia Fair'' with links and information] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20180520150238/http://nationalanthems.me/australia-advance-australia-fair/ archive link])
* Australian Government websites:
** [https://web.archive.org/web/20071109134834/http://www.itsanhonour.gov.au/symbols/anthem.cfm#download Official published lyrics, music with band parts and sound recordings]
** [https://www.pmc.gov.au/sites/default/files/files/pmc/Honours/AusNatAnthem_FULLSCORE.pdf Four-part musical score & lyrics PDF 169 KB] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321111310/https://www.pmc.gov.au/sites/default/files/files/pmc/Honours/AusNatAnthem_FULLSCORE.pdf |date=21 March 2019 }}
** [https://www.pmc.gov.au/sites/default/files/files/pmc/Honours/anthem_vocal_solo.mp3 Australian National Anthem Audio for download (MP3 2.04 MB)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321111342/https://www.pmc.gov.au/sites/default/files/files/pmc/Honours/anthem_vocal_solo.mp3 |date=21 March 2019 }}
** [https://web.archive.org/web/20141027034911/http://www.dfat.gov.au/facts/nat_anthem.html Department of Foreign Affair and Trade's webpage on Advance Australia Fair]
** [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927161820/http://www.musicaustralia.org/apps/MA?function=searchResults&searchInitiated=true&scope=scope&simpleTerm=advance+australia+fair&searchbutton.x=36&searchbutton.y=14 Online scores held by Australian government libraries (The MusicAustralia collaboration)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050716020728/http://www.diggerhistory.info/sound/advance-orig01.mp3 Advance Australia Fair (Original Lyrics) – Australian singer Peter Dawson (c. 1930)]
{{National anthems of Oceania and the Pacific Islands}}
{{authority control}}
[[Category:Oceanian anthems]]
[[Category:National symbols of Australia]]
[[Category:Australian patriotic songs]]
[[Category:1878 songs]]
[[Category:National anthems]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{short description|National anthem of Australia}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Use Australian English|date=April 2012}}
{{Infobox anthem
| title = I HATE NIGGERS
| image = Advance Australia Fair.png
| alt =
| caption =
| prefix = National
| country = Australia
| author = [[Peter Dodds McCormick]]
| lyrics_date = November 1878
| composer = Peter Dodds McCormick
| music_date = November 1878
| adopted = {{start date|1974|04|09|df=y}}
| until = {{start date|1976|01|22|df=y}}
| readopted = {{start date|1984|04|19|df=y}}
| predecessor = "[[God Save the King|God Save the Queen]]"
| sound = Advance_Australia_Fair.ogg
| sound_title = [[Royal Australian Navy Band]] instrumental version (one verse)
}}
"'''Advance Australia Fair'''" is the [[national anthem]] of Australia. Written by Scottish-born Australian composer [[Peter Dodds McCormick]], the song was first performed as a patriotic song in Australia in 1878. It replaced "[[God Save the King|God Save the Queen]]" as the official national anthem in 1974, following a nationwide opinion survey, only for "God Save the Queen" to be reinstated in January 1976. However, a [[1977 Australian plebiscite (National Song)|plebiscite to choose the national song in 1977]] preferred "Advance Australia Fair", which was in turn reinstated as the national anthem in 1984. "God Save the Queen" became the [[royal anthem]] (later "God Save the King" on the ascension of [[Charles III|King Charles III]]), and is used at public engagements attended by [[Charles III|the King]] or members of the [[monarchy of Australia]]. The lyrics of the 1984 version of "Advance Australia Fair" were modified from McCormick's original and its verses were trimmed down from four to two. In January 2021, the official lyrics were changed once again, in recognition of the long habitation of [[Indigenous Australians]]. '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD''''' '''''FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD'''''
==History==
===Origin===
{{Listen
| type =
| filename = Advance Australia Fair (1915).ogg
| title = 1915 band instrumental recording (one verse)
| description =
| type2 =
| filename2 = U.S. Navy Band, Advance Australia Fair (instrumental).ogg
| title2 = U.S. Navy Band instrumental version (one verse)
| description2 =
}}
"Advance Australia Fair" was published in early December 1878 by Scottish-born Australian composer [[Peter Dodds McCormick]] (1833–1916) under the pen-name "Amicus" (which means "friend" in Latin).<ref name="Aus Through">{{cite book | title = Australia Through Time | year = 1997 | publication-date = 1997 | publisher = [[Random House#International branches|Random House Australia]] | edition = 5th | pages = 56–57, 439, 446, 451, 479 | isbn = 978-0-09-183581-1 }}</ref> It was first sung by Andrew Fairfax, accompanied by a concert band conducted by McCormick, at a function of the Highland Society of New South Wales in Sydney on 30 November 1878 ([[Saint Andrew's Day]]).<ref name="SMH Dec 1878">{{cite news | url = http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article13425798 | title = News of the Day | newspaper = [[The Sydney Morning Herald]] | date = 5 December 1878 | access-date = 30 May 2020 | page = 5 | via = [[Trove]] ([[National Library of Australia]]) }}</ref><ref name="SMH Nov 1878">{{cite news | url = http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article13422200 | title = Advertising | newspaper = The Sydney Morning Herald | date = 27 November 1878 | access-date = 30 May 2020 | page = 2 | via = Trove (National Library of Australia) }}</ref> The song gained in popularity and an amended version was sung by a choir of around 10,000 at the inauguration of the [[Commonwealth of Australia]] on 1 January 1901. In 1907 the Australian Government awarded McCormick £100 for his composition.<ref>{{cite AuDB | id2=mccormick-peter-dodds-7323 |title=McCormick, Peter Dodds (1834–1916) |first=Jim |last=Fletcher |volume=10 |year=1986 |access-date=17 April 2018}}</ref>
In a letter to R.B. Fuller dated 1 August 1913, McCormick described the circumstances that inspired him to write "Advance Australia Fair" to be sung by a large choir with band accompaniment. McCormick had attended a concert at Sydney's Exhibition Building where various national anthems were played.
{{blockquote|This was very nicely done, but I felt very aggravated that there was not one note for Australia. On the way home in a bus, I concocted the first verse of my song & when I got home I set it to music. I first wrote it in the Tonic Sol-fa notation, then transcribed it into the Old Notation, & I tried it over on an instrument next morning, & found it correct. Strange to say there has not been a note of it altered since. Some alteration has been made in the wording, but the sense is the same. It seemed to me to be like an inspiration, & I wrote the words & music with the greatest ease.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nla.gov.au/anbd.bib-an000008257145|title=Letters [manuscript]|publisher=[[National Library of Australia]]|access-date=26 October 2008}} Letter to R.B. Fuller Esq. dated 1 August 1913</ref>}}
The earliest known sound recording of "Advance Australia Fair" appears in ''The Landing of the Australian Troops in Egypt'' ({{circa|1916}}), a short commercial recording dramatising the arrival of Australian troops in Egypt ''en route'' to [[Gallipoli campaign|Gallipoli]].<ref>[http://aso.gov.au/titles/historical/landing-of-australian-troops/clip1/ The Landing of the Australian Troops in Egypt] from National Film and Sound Archive, at australianscreen online</ref>
Before its adoption as Australia's national anthem, "Advance Australia Fair" had considerable use elsewhere. For example, Australia's national broadcaster, the [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation|Australian Broadcasting Commission]], used it to announce its news bulletins until 1952.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.screensound.gov.au/services/soa-media/index.html |title=Media Resources – Images and Audio files for Download |publisher=[[National Film and Sound Archive]] |access-date=1 November 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071018045853/http://screensound.gov.au/services/soa-media/index.html |archive-date=18 October 2007 |url-status=dead}} (1943 – The Majestic Fanfare by Charles Williams, the ABC radio news theme)</ref> It was also frequently played at the start or end of official functions. Towards the end of World War II it was one of three songs played in certain picture theatres, along with "God Save the King" and the US national anthem, [[The Star-Spangled Banner]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article17882691|title=Song and Two Anthems|newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=30 November 1943|access-date=1 August 2016}}</ref>
===Influence===
Other songs and marches have been influenced by "Advance Australia Fair", such as the Australian [[Honors music|vice-regal salute]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Australian National Anthem |url=https://www.pmc.gov.au/government/australian-national-anthem |website=Prime Minister and Cabinet |access-date=9 January 2021}}</ref>
===Competitions, plebiscite and adoption===
{{Listen
| type = music
| filename = Advance Australia Fair (1927).ogg
| title = 1927 band and vocal recording (three verses)
| description = Sung by [[Peter Dawson (bass-baritone)|Peter Dawson]]
}}
In 1973, Prime Minister [[Gough Whitlam]] and his government, desiring to forge a new nationalism separate from the United Kingdom, decided that Australia needed a national anthem that could represent the country with "distinction", and they held a competition to find one to replace the existing anthem, "[[God Save the King|God Save the Queen]]". In January of that year, Whitlam dedicated an entire [[Australia Day]] speech to the search for a new anthem, referring to it as a "symbolic expression of our national pride and dignity".<ref>Whitlam, G 1973, "National Anthem", Australia Day Broadcast</ref> The [[Australia Council for the Arts]] organised the contest, which was dubbed the "Australian National Anthem Quest". The contest was held in two stages, the first seeking lyrics and the second music, each having a large prize of [[Australian dollar|A$]]5,000 for the winning entry. On the recommendation of the Council for the Arts, none of the new entries was felt worthy enough, so the contest ended with suggestions for "Advance Australia Fair", "[[Waltzing Matilda]]" and "[[The Song of Australia]]".<ref name="Official History">{{cite web|url=http://www.itsanhonour.gov.au/symbols/anthem.cfm#history|title=Australian National Anthem – History|publisher=Australian Government|date=10 July 2007|access-date=1 November 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906030849/http://www.itsanhonour.gov.au/symbols/anthem.cfm|archive-date=6 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
In 1974 the Whitlam government performed a nationwide opinion survey to determine the song to be sung on occasions of national significance. Conducted through the [[Australian Bureau of Statistics]], the survey polled 60,000 people (0.05% of Australians at the time) nationally.<ref name="Aus Through"/> "Advance Australia Fair" was chosen by 51.4% of respondents and, on 9 April 1974, Whitlam announced in parliament that it was the national anthem.<ref>{{cite news |title=Advance Australia Fair— it's official |newspaper=The Age (Melbourne) |date=April 9, 1974 |page=1}}</ref><ref name="Aus Through"/> It was to be used on all occasions excepting those of a specifically regal nature.<ref name="Aus Through"/> A spokesman for Whitlam later stated that the Government regarded the tune, primarily, as the national anthem. The choice came under attack almost immediately, with an editorial noting that "For Australians, the only consolation is that there will be very few occasions when the words are sung,"<ref>{{cite news |title=An anthem for the 1870s |newspaper=The Age (Melbourne) |date=April 9, 1974 |page=9}}</ref> and the Anglican Dean of Sydney commenting "This second-rate secular song is completely inappropriate for use in churches."<ref>{{cite news |title=Cleric: anthem childish ditty |newspaper=The Age (Melbourne) |date=April 25, 1974 |page=2}}</ref> Officials in four states said that Advance Australia Fair would not be played at official functions and that "God Save the Queen" would not be replaced, with Sir Harry Budd of New South Wales saying that the lyrics "are foolish and banal and their sentiments ridiculous."<ref>{{cite news |title=Australia's New Chosen Anthem Goes Unsung |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=May 5, 1974 |page=IA-1}}</ref>
During the [[1975 Australian federal election|1975 election campaign]] following the [[1975 Australian constitutional crisis|dismissal of Whitlam by Sir John Kerr]], [[David Combe]] proposed that the song be played at the start of the [[Australian Labor Party|Labor Party]]'s official campaign launch on 24 November 1975 at [[Festival Hall (Melbourne)|Festival Hall, Melbourne]]. Whitlam's speechwriter [[Graham Freudenberg]] rejected this idea because, among other reasons, the status of the anthem at that point was still tentative.<ref>Graham Freudenberg, "We've been sacked", ''The Sunday Age'', 6 November 2005, p. 13</ref>
On 22 January 1976 the [[Malcolm Fraser|Fraser]] government reinstated "God Save the Queen" as the national anthem for use at royal, vice-regal, defence and [[loyal toast]] occasions.<ref name="Aus Through"/> Fraser stated that "Advance Australia Fair", "Song of Australia" or "Waltzing Matilda" could be used for non-regal occasions.<ref name="Aus Through"/> His government made plans to conduct a national poll to find a song for use on ceremonial occasions when it was desired to mark a separate Australian identity. This was conducted as a [[1977 Australian plebiscite (National Song)|plebiscite to choose the National Song]], held as an optional additional question in the [[1977 Australian referendum|1977 referendum]] on various issues. On 23 May the government announced the results, "Advance Australia Fair" received 43.29% of the vote, defeating the three alternatives, "[[Waltzing Matilda]]" (28.28%), "[[The Song of Australia]]" (9.65%) and the existing national anthem, "God Save the Queen" (18.78%).<ref name="Aus Through"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aph.gov.au/library/elect/referend/pleb.htm |title=Plebiscite results: National Song Poll |publisher=[[Parliament of Australia]] |date=30 June 2002 |access-date=13 February 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080205110200/http://www.aph.gov.au/library/elect/referend/pleb.htm |archive-date=5 February 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
"Advance Australia Fair", with modified lyrics and reduced to two verses (see [[#Development of lyrics|development of lyrics]]), was adopted as the Australian national anthem by the [[Australian Labor Party|Labor]] government of [[Bob Hawke]],<ref name="Aus Through"/> coming into effect on 19 April 1984.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aph.gov.au/library/handbook/national_symbols/index.htm |title=Parliamentary Handbook of the Commonwealth of Australia – National Symbols |publisher=[[Parliament of Australia]] |date=21 September 2005 |access-date=1 November 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070830052800/http://www.aph.gov.au/library/handbook/national_symbols/index.htm |archive-date=30 August 2007 |url-status=dead}} (proclamation by Governor-General dated 19 April 1984)</ref> At the same time, "God Save the King/Queen" became known as the [[royal anthem]], and continues to be played alongside the Australian national anthem at public engagements in Australia that are attended by [[Charles III|the King]] or any other members of the Royal Family.<ref name="Official History"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pmc.gov.au/government/australian-national-anthem |title=Australian National Anthem |author=<!--Not stated--> |publisher=Australian Government |website=Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet |access-date=2020-04-26}}</ref>
Even though any personal [[copyright]] of Peter Dodds McCormick's original lyrics has expired, as he died in 1916, the Commonwealth of Australia claims copyright on the official lyrics and particular arrangements of music. Non-commercial use of the anthem is permitted without case-by-case permission, but the Commonwealth government requires permission for commercial use.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pmc.gov.au/government/australian-national-anthem/use-australian-national-anthem|title=Use of the Australian National Anthem|publisher=Australian Government: Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet|access-date=8 July 2021}} Undated.</ref>
The orchestral arrangement of "Advance Australia Fair" that is now regularly played for Australian victories at international sporting medal ceremonies, and at the openings of major domestic sporting, cultural and community events, is by [[Tommy Tycho]], an immigrant from Hungary. It was commissioned by [[ABC Music]] in 1984 and then televised by [[Network Ten|Channel 10]] in 1986 in their Australia Day broadcast, featuring [[Julie Anthony (singer)|Julie Anthony]] as the soloist.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tommytycho.com.au/arranger.htm|title=Tommy Tycho—Arranger|access-date=27 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110822093116/http://www.tommytycho.com.au/arranger.htm|archive-date=22 August 2011|url-status=dead|quote="Tommy's musical arrangement of Advance Australia Fair has become the definitive and preferred version that is performed at major sporting and community events around the country. It was first commissioned by ABC Records in 1984 and then televised by Channel 10 in 1986 in their Australia Day Broadcast, featuring Julie Anthony AM, MBE as the soloist."}}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=December 2018}}<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-04-04/australian-conductor-composer-tommy-tycho-dies/4610048 |title=Australian composer Tommy Tycho dies |date=2013-04-04 |work=ABC News |access-date=2020-04-30 |language=en-AU}}</ref>
===Legislative basis===
The national anthem was changed on 1 January 2021<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=
https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2021G00004|title=Australian National Anthem – Proclamation of Amended Words|website=Federal Register of Legislation|publisher=Australian Government|date=30 December 2020|access-date=26 April 2021}}</ref> by proclamation of the [[Governor-General of Australia|Governor-General]] on the advice of the [[Federal Executive Council (Australia)|Federal Executive Council]]. The change prior to that was on 19 April 1984.
==Lyrics==
The lyrics of "Advance Australia Fair", as modified by the [[National Australia Day Council]], were officially adopted in April 1984.<ref name=anthem>{{cite web|url=http://www.dfat.gov.au/facts/nat_anthem.html|title=The Australian National Anthem|publisher=[[Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (Australia)|Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade]]|access-date=1 November 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071023080802/http://www.dfat.gov.au/facts/nat_anthem.html|archive-date=23 October 2007}}</ref> The lyrics were updated as of 1 January 2021<ref name=":1" /> in an attempt to recognise the legacy of [[Indigenous Australians]], with the word "one" in the second line replacing the previous "young".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/dec/31/we-are-one-and-free-australian-anthem-to-change-in-attempt-to-recognise-indigenous-history|last=Hurst|first=Daniel|title='We are one and free': Australia's national anthem to change in attempt to recognise Indigenous history|work=The Guardian|date=31 December 2020|access-date=25 April 2021}}</ref> The lyrics are now as follows:<ref name=":1" />
<poem style="float:left; margin-left: 1em;">'''I'''
Australians all let us rejoice,
For we are one and free;
We've golden soil and wealth for toil,
Our home is girt by sea;
Our land abounds in Nature's gifts
Of beauty rich and rare;
In history's page, let every stage
Advance Australia fair!
In joyful strains then let us sing,
Advance Australia fair!</poem>
<poem style="float:left; margin-left: 1em;>'''II'''
Beneath our radiant Southern Cross,
We'll toil with hearts and hands;
To make this Commonwealth of ours
Renowned of all the lands;
For those who've come across the seas
We've boundless plains to share;
With courage let us all combine
To advance Australia fair.
In joyful strains then let us sing
Advance Australia fair!</poem>{{Clear|left}}
==Development of lyrics==
Since the original lyrics were written in 1878, there have been several changes, in some cases with the intent of altering the anthem's political focus especially in regard to [[gender neutrality]] and [[Indigenous Australians]]. Some of these have been minor while others have significantly altered the song. The original song was four verses long. For its 1984 adoption as the national anthem, the song was cut from the four verses to two. The first verse was kept largely as the 1878 original, except for the change in the first line from "{{em|Australia's sons}} let us rejoice" to "{{em|Australians all}} let us rejoice".<ref name=anthem/> The second, third and fourth verses of the original were dropped, in favour of a modified version of the new third verse which was sung at [[Federation of Australia|Federation]] in 1901.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.mus-an6397822|title=Digital Collections – Advance Australia Fair (1901–1919)|publisher=[[National Library of Australia]]|access-date=3 May 2008}}</ref>
The lyrics published in the second edition (1879) were as follows:<ref name="1879 Version">{{cite news | url = http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article62087415 | title = 'Advance, Australia Fair' | newspaper = [[Clarence and Richmond Examiner and New England Advertiser]] | volume = XX | issue = 1472 | date = 13 September 1879 | access-date = 29 November 2020 | page = 3 | via = National Library of Australia }}</ref>
<poem style="float:left; margin-left: 1em;>'''I'''
Australia's sons, let us rejoice,
For we are young and free;
We've golden soil and wealth for toil,
Our home is girt by sea;
Our land abounds in nature's gifts
Of beauty rich and rare;
In history's page, let every stage
Advance Australia fair.
In joyful strains let us sing,
Advance, Australia fair.</poem>
<poem style="float:left; margin-left: 1em;>'''II'''
When gallant [[James Cook|Cook]] from [[Albion]] sail'd,
To trace wide oceans o'er,
True British courage bore him on,
Til he landed on our shore.
Then here he raised Old England's flag,
The standard of the brave;
"With all her faults we love her still"
"[[Rule, Britannia!|Britannia rules the wave]]."
In joyful strains then let us sing,
Advance, Australia fair.</poem>
<poem style="float:left; margin-left: 1em;>'''III'''
While other nations of the globe
Behold us from afar,
We'll rise to high renown and shine
Like our glorious southern star;
From England soil and Fatherland,
[[Scotland|Scotia]] and [[Ireland|Erin]] fair,
Let all combine with heart and hand
To advance Australia fair.
In joyful strains then let us sing
Advance, Australia fair.</poem>
<poem style="float:left; margin-left: 1em;>'''IV'''
Should foreign foe e'er sight our coast,
Or dare a foot to land,
We'll rouse to arms like sires of yore,
To guard our native strand;
Britannia then shall surely know,
Though oceans roll between,
Her sons in fair Australia's land
Still keep their courage green.
In joyful strains then let us sing
Advance Australia fair.</poem>{{Clear|left}}
The 1901 Federation version of the third verse was originally sung as:
<poem style="float:left; margin-left: 1em;>'''III'''
Beneath our radiant Southern Cross,
We'll toil with hearts and hands;
To make our youthful Commonwealth,
Renowned of all the lands;
For loyal sons beyond the seas
We've boundless plains to share;
With courage let us all combine
To advance Australia fair.
In joyful strains then let us sing
Advance Australia fair!</poem>{{Clear|left}}
The lyrics of "Advance Australia Fair", as modified by the [[National Australia Day Council]] and officially adopted on 19 April 1984, were as follows:
<poem style="float:left; margin-left: 1em;>'''I'''
Australians all let us rejoice,
For we are young and free;
We've golden soil and wealth for toil;
Our home is girt by sea;
Our land abounds in nature's gifts
Of beauty rich and rare;
In history's page, let every stage
Advance Australia Fair.
In joyful strains then let us sing,
Advance Australia Fair.</poem>
<poem style="float:left; margin-left: 1em;>'''II'''
Beneath our radiant [[Southern Cross]]
We'll toil with hearts and hands;
To make this Commonwealth of ours
Renowned of all the lands;
For those who've come across the seas
We've boundless plains to share;
With courage let us all combine
To Advance Australia Fair.
In joyful strains then let us sing,
Advance Australia Fair.</poem>{{Clear|left}}
These lyrics were updated on 1 January 2021 to the [[#Lyrics|current version]], in which "young" in the second line is replaced with "one" to reflect the pre-colonial presence of [[Indigenous Australians]], who have lived in Australia much longer than Europeans.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hurst |first=Daniel |date=2020-12-31 |title='We are one and free': Australia's national anthem to change in attempt to recognise Indigenous history |url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/dec/31/we-are-one-and-free-australian-anthem-to-change-in-attempt-to-recognise-indigenous-history |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref>
==Criticism==
===General criticism===
In May 1976, after reinstating "God Save the Queen", Fraser advised the [[Australian Olympic Committee|Australian Olympic Federation]] to use "Waltzing Matilda" as the national anthem for the forthcoming [[1976 Summer Olympics|Montreal Olympic Games]].<ref name="Fraser prefers Matilda">{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article131815544 |title=PM wants 'Matilda' at Games |newspaper=[[The Canberra Times]] |volume=50 |issue=14,370 |date=5 May 1976 |access-date=15 October 2021 |page=10 |via=National Library of Australia }}</ref> Fraser responded to criticism of "Waltzing Matilda" compared with "Advance Australia Fair", and countered, "in the second verse... we find these words, 'Britannia rules the waves'."<ref name="Fraser prefers Matilda"/> Despite the outcome of the 1977 plebiscite to choose the National Song favouring "Advance Australia Fair", successive [[Fraser Government|Fraser Ministries]] did not implement the change.<ref name="Aus Through"/>
The fourth line of the anthem, "our home is girt by sea", has been criticised for using the so-called [[Archaism|archaic]] word "[[wikt:girt|girt]]".<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/opinion/time-girt-went-down-the-gurgler/story-e6frfifo-1111116123498|title=Time girt went down the gurgler|last=Campbell|first=David|date=22 April 2008|newspaper=Herald Sun|access-date=19 April 2011}}</ref> Additionally, the lyrics and melody of the Australian national anthem have been criticised in some quarters as being dull and unendearing to the Australian people. [[National Party of Australia|National Party]] senator [[Sandy Macdonald]] said in 2001 that "'Advance Australia Fair' is so boring that the nation risks singing itself to sleep, with boring music and words impossible to understand".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2001/06/22/waust22.xml|title=Call to scrap Australia's 'dull' anthem|author=Barbie Dutter|date=27 June 2001|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph (Sydney)]]|access-date=20 December 2007}}{{dead link|date=July 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
Political sentiment is divided. [[Craig Emerson]] of the [[Australian Labor Party]] has critiqued the anthem,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,4057,1570357%5E1683,00.html|title=Advance Australia Fair strikes a sour note|date=2 January 2001|newspaper=The Australian|access-date=20 December 2007}}{{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> former MP [[Peter Slipper]] has said that Australia should consider another anthem,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/politics/2001/06/item20010621121726_1.htm|title=Senator reignites debate over national anthem|date=21 June 2001|work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20010719092243/http://www.abc.net.au/news/politics/2001/06/item20010621121726_1.htm|archive-date=19 July 2001|access-date=20 December 2007}}</ref> in 2011 former Victorian Premier [[Jeff Kennett]] suggested "[[I Am Australian]]",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/strewth-time-for-dinki-di-anthem/story-e6frea6u-1226004056508|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140812021914/http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/strewth-time-for-dinki-di-anthem/story-e6frea6u-1226004056508|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 August 2014|title=Jeff Kennett wants national anthem change|author1=Grant McArthur|date=11 February 2011|website=[[The Advertiser (Adelaide)|The Advertiser]]|access-date=9 August 2014}}</ref> while former [[Australian Labor Party]] leader [[Kim Beazley]] defended it.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.alp.org.au/media/0601/kbmcact210601.html|title=Kim Beazley – Doorstop Interview (transcript)|date=21 June 2001|publisher=[[Australian Labor Party]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010718044509/http://www.alp.org.au/media/0601/kbmcact210601.html|archive-date=18 July 2001|access-date=20 December 2007}}</ref>
===Recognition of Indigenous Australians===
The song has been criticised for failing to represent or acknowledge [[Indigenous Australians|Australia's Indigenous peoples]] and aspects of the country's colonial past, leading to modification. The lyrics have been accused of celebrating British colonisation and perpetuating the concept of ''[[terra nullius]];'' the now-changed second line of the anthem ("for we are young and free") was criticised in particular for ignoring the [[History of Aboriginal Australians|long history of Indigenous Australians]].<ref>{{cite news|title=New version of national anthem cuts 'offensive' lyrics|url=https://thewest.com.au/news/indigenous-australians/alternative-version-of-advance-australia-fair-recognises-aboriginal-culture-ng-b88484280z|work=[[The West Australian]]|date=22 May 2017|access-date=13 August 2017}}</ref> It has also been suggested that the word "fair" celebrates the "civilising" mission of British colonists.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Kelen|first=Christopher|author-link=Christopher Kelen|title=How fair is fair? The colour of justice in Australia's official anthem|url=http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0207/fairisfair.php|journal=M/C: A Journal of Media and Culture|volume=5|number=4|date=July 2002|doi=10.5204/mcj.1964 |access-date=17 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228233128/http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0207/fairisfair.php|archive-date=28 February 2019|url-status=dead|doi-access=free}}</ref>
Since about 2015, public debate about the anthem has increased. Boxer [[Anthony Mundine]] stated in 2013, 2017 and 2018 that he would not stand for the anthem, prompting organisers not to play it before his fights.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/anthony-mundine-won-t-stand-for-anthem|title=Anthony Mundine won't stand for anthem|date=23 October 2018|website=SBS News|language=en|access-date=2019-09-14}}</ref> In September 2018 a 9-year-old [[Brisbane]] girl was disciplined by her school after refusing to stand for the national anthem;<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-09-12/national-anthem-protest-school-brisbane/10235792|title=9yo refuses to stand for the anthem because it's for 'white people of Australia'|last=Siganto|first=Talissa|date=2018-09-12|website=ABC News|language=en-AU|access-date=2019-09-14}}</ref> her actions were applauded by some public commenters, and criticised by others.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/advance-australia-fair-is-an-anthem-that-is-racist-at-so-many-levels-20180916-p5043s.html|title=Advance Australia Fair is an anthem that is racist at so many levels|last=McFadyen|first=Warwick|date=2018-09-16|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|language=en|access-date=2019-09-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2018/09/12/australian-lawmakers-attack-year-old-girl-who-refused-stand-during-their-national-anthem/|title=Australian lawmakers attack 9-year-old girl who refused to stand during their national anthem|newspaper=The Washington Post|language=en|access-date=2019-09-14}}</ref> In 2019, several [[National Rugby League]] football players decided not to sing the anthem before the first match of the [[State of Origin]] series<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/sport/nrl/indigenous-rapper-briggs-takes-down-advance-australia-fair-line-by-line/news-story/24679293a25df65623f4ed29ed8d53b7|title='This song sucks': Rapper slams anthem|date=2019-06-05|website=www.dailytelegraph.com.au|language=en|access-date=2019-09-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/nrl/cody-walker-to-remain-silent-during-advance-australia-fair-20190528-p51s2d.html|title=Cody Walker to remain silent during Advance Australia Fair|last=Pengilly|first=Christian Nicolussi, Adam|date=2019-05-28|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|language=en|access-date=2019-09-14}}</ref> and before the [[Indigenous All Stars (rugby league)|Indigenous All-Stars]] series with New Zealand;<ref name="Meninga">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nrl.com/news/2019/02/16/mal-meninga-australia-needs-referendum-on-national-anthem/|title=Australia needs referendum on national anthem|last=Meninga|first=Mal|date=2019-02-16|website=National Rugby League|language=en|access-date=2019-09-14}}</ref> NRL coach and celebrated former player [[Mal Meninga]] supported the protesting players and called for a referendum on the subject.<ref name="Meninga"/>
Several alternative versions of "Advance Australia Fair" have been proposed to address the alleged exclusion of Indigenous Australians. [[Judith Durham]] of [[The Seekers]] and [[Muthi Muthi|Mutti Mutti]] musician [[Kutcha Edwards]] released their alternative lyrics in 2009, replacing "for we are young and free" with the opening lines "Australians let us stand as one, upon this sacred land".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sbs.com.au/nitv/nitv-news/article/2015/11/06/judith-durhams-new-anthem-lyric-contemporary-australia|title=Judith Durham's new anthem: 'Lyric For Contemporary Australia'|website=NITV|date=6 November 2015 |language=en|access-date=2019-09-13}}</ref> In 2015, Aboriginal Australian soprano [[Deborah Cheetham]] declined an invitation to sing the anthem at the 2015 [[Australian Football League|AFL]] grand final after the AFL turned down her request to replace the words "for we are young and free" with "in peace and harmony". She has advocated for the lyrics being rewritten and endorsed Durham and Edwards' alternative version.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theconversation.com/young-and-free-why-i-declined-to-sing-the-national-anthem-at-the-2015-afl-grand-final-49234|title=Young and free? Why I declined to sing the national anthem at the 2015 AFL Grand Final|last1=Cheetham|first1=Deborah|website=The Conversation|date=19 October 2015 |language=en}}</ref>
In 2017 the Recognition in Anthem Project<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rap.org.au/|title=Recognition in Anthem|website=Recognition in Anthem|access-date=13 September 2019|archive-date=25 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225012438/https://www.rap.org.au/|url-status=dead}}</ref> was established and began work on a new version, with lyrics written by poet and former Victorian Supreme Court judge [[Peter Vickery]] following consultation with Indigenous communities and others.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sbs.com.au/nitv/article/2017/04/06/new-call-update-national-anthem|title=New call to update the National Anthem|website=NITV|date=6 April 2017 |language=en|access-date=2019-09-13}}</ref> Vickery's proposed lyrics replaced "we are young and free" with "we are one and free" in the first verse, deleted the second and added two new ones; the second verse acknowledging Indigenous history, immigration and calls for unity and respect, and the third adapting lines from the official second verse. It was debuted at the Desert Song Festival in [[Alice Springs]] by an Aboriginal choir.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.smh.com.au/national/we-are-one-not-young-change-to-national-anthem-proposed-20190912-p52qs7.html |title = We are 'one', not 'young': Change to national anthem proposed |last = Power |first = Julie |date = 2019-09-13 |website = The Sydney Morning Herald |language = en-AU |access-date = 2019-09-14 }}</ref> Former prime minister Bob Hawke endorsed Vickery's alternative lyrics in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rap.org.au/milestones|title=Milestones|website=Recognition in Anthem|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-13|archive-date=29 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229135026/https://www.rap.org.au/milestones|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2017, the federal government under then prime minister [[Malcolm Turnbull]] granted permission for Vickery's lyrics to be sung at certain occasions as a "patriotic song", but said that before making any official change to the anthem, "The Government would need to be convinced of a sufficient groundswell of support in the wider community".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thewest.com.au/news/indigenous-australians/alternative-version-of-advance-australia-fair-recognises-aboriginal-culture-ng-b88484280z|title=New version of national anthem cuts 'offensive' lyrics|date=2017-05-22|website=The West Australian|language=en|access-date=2019-09-13}}</ref>
In November 2020, NSW Premier [[Gladys Berejiklian]] proposed changing one word in the opening couplet, from "we are young and free" to "we are one and free", to acknowledge Australia's Indigenous history.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/politics/nsw/a-small-change-can-make-advance-australia-fair-a-better-anthem-20201111-p56dpe.html|title=A small change can make Advance Australia Fair a better anthem|date=11 November 2020|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|access-date=11 November 2020}}</ref> The proposal was supported by the federal [[Minister for Indigenous Australians]], [[Ken Wyatt]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/anthony-mundine-and-latrell-mitchell-speak-out-on-indigenous-language-national-anthem|last=Young|first=Evan|title=Anthony Mundine and Latrell Mitchell speak out on Indigenous-language national anthem|website=SBS News|date=7 December 2020|access-date=1 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/changing-the-national-anthem-is-real-reconciliation-20210101-p56r6v.html|last=Wyatt|first=Ken|title='Changing the national anthem is real reconciliation'|work=Sydney Morning Herald|date=1 January 2021|access-date=1 January 2021}}</ref> and in December 2020 Prime Minister [[Scott Morrison]] announced that this change would be adopted from 1 January 2021, having received approval from [[Governor-General of Australia|Governor-General]] [[David Hurley]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/australia-s-national-anthem-changed-to-reflect-stories-of-the-many-first-nations-peoples|last=Khan|first=Biwa|title=Australia's national anthem changed to reflect 'stories of the many First Nations peoples'|website=SBS News|access-date=31 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/not-forever-young-australia-now-a-nation-that-is-one-and-free-20201231-p56r2x.html|last=Curtis|first=Katina|title=Not forever young: Australia now a nation that is 'one and free'|work=Sydney Morning Herald|date=31 December 2020|access-date=1 January 2021}}</ref> This change was briefly used by the No Campaign's arguments<ref>The Referendum Pamphlet. Published by the AEC on behalf of the No Campaign. (see page 5)
https://www.aec.gov.au/referendums/files/pamphlet/your-official-yes-no-referendum-pamphlet.pdf</ref> for the [[2023 Australian Indigenous Voice referendum|Voice to Parliament]] referendum.
==Dharawal lyrics==
Lyrics for the anthem have been written twice in the [[Dharug language]], an [[Australian Aboriginal language]] spoken around Sydney by the [[Dharawal people]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dharug.dalang.com.au/Dharug/plugin_wiki/page/advance_australia_fair_in_dharawal|last=Troy|first=Jacqueline|title=Advance Australia Fair in Dharawal|website=Dharug and Dharawal Resources|access-date=1 January 2021|archive-date=8 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210108161757/https://dharug.dalang.com.au/Dharug/plugin_wiki/page/advance_australia_fair_in_dharawal|url-status=dead}}</ref>
A first version was first performed in July 2010, at a [[Rugby League State of Origin]] match in Sydney, though there was some opposition:{{Explain|reason=what opposition?|date=October 2022}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/nrl/origin-anthem-mends-some-hearts-and-breaks-others-20100708-102fs.html|last1=Lewis|first1=Daniel|last2=Woods|first2=Paddy|title=Origin anthem mends some hearts and breaks others|work=Sydney Morning Herald|date=9 July 2010|access-date=1 January 2021}}</ref>
In December 2020, another setting, in Dharug, followed by the anthem in English, was sung before a [[Rugby Union]] international between Australia and [[Argentina]]:<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/rugby-union/indigenous-lyrics-to-super-charge-australian-anthem-20201204-p56kpa.html|last=FitzSimons|first=Peter|title=Indigenous lyrics to supercharge Australian anthem|work=Sydney Morning Herald|date=4 December 2020|access-date=1 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/dec/05/wallabies-sing-indigenous-language-australian-anthem-before-tri-nations-draw-with-argentina|last=Kemp|first=Emma|title=Wallabies sing Indigenous language Australian anthem before Tri-Nations draw with Argentina|work=The Guardian|date=5 December 2020|access-date=1 January 2021}}</ref>
==Other unofficial variants==
In 2011, about fifty different Christian schools from different denominations came under criticism for singing an unofficial version of the song written by the Sri Lankan immigrant Ruth Ponniah in 1988. The song replaced the official second verse of "Advance Australia Fair" with lyrics that were Christian in nature.<ref name="fire">
{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2011-09-23/christian-schools-changing-the-national-anthem/2939594|title=Schools under fire for 'Christian' national anthem|work=ABC News|access-date=17 July 2017|date=23 September 2011}}</ref>
{{Blockquote|text=With Christ our head and cornerstone, we'll build our nation's might;
Whose way and truth and light alone, can guide our path aright;
Our lives a sacrifice of love, reflect our master's care;
With faces turned to heav'n above, Advance Australia Fair;
In joyful strains then let us sing, Advance Australia Fair.}}
[[Minister for School Education, Early Childhood and Youth]] [[Peter Garrett]] and chief executive of the [[National Australia Day Council]] Warren Pearson admonished the schools for modifying the lyrics of the anthem, and the Australian Parents Council and the Federation of Parents and Citizens' Association of NSW called for a ban on the modified song. Stephen O'Doherty, chief executive of Christian Schools Australia, defended the use of the lyrics in response.<ref name="fire" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/god-save-us-from-a-religious-chord/news-story/270f38a1abe51b7a203873258aefa121|title=Christian schools re-write Australian national anthem|work=[[The Daily Telegraph (Sydney)|The Daily Telegraph]]|location=Sydney|access-date=17 July 2017|date=2 October 2011}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
===Notes===
{{Notelist}}
==External links==
{{Wikisource}}
* [https://www.australia.gov.au/our-country Lyrics] on official government website
* [http://nationalanthems.me/australia-advance-australia-fair/ Streaming audio of ''Advance Australia Fair'' with links and information] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20180520150238/http://nationalanthems.me/australia-advance-australia-fair/ archive link])
* Australian Government websites:
** [https://web.archive.org/web/20071109134834/http://www.itsanhonour.gov.au/symbols/anthem.cfm#download Official published lyrics, music with band parts and sound recordings]
** [https://www.pmc.gov.au/sites/default/files/files/pmc/Honours/AusNatAnthem_FULLSCORE.pdf Four-part musical score & lyrics PDF 169 KB] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321111310/https://www.pmc.gov.au/sites/default/files/files/pmc/Honours/AusNatAnthem_FULLSCORE.pdf |date=21 March 2019 }}
** [https://www.pmc.gov.au/sites/default/files/files/pmc/Honours/anthem_vocal_solo.mp3 Australian National Anthem Audio for download (MP3 2.04 MB)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321111342/https://www.pmc.gov.au/sites/default/files/files/pmc/Honours/anthem_vocal_solo.mp3 |date=21 March 2019 }}
** [https://web.archive.org/web/20141027034911/http://www.dfat.gov.au/facts/nat_anthem.html Department of Foreign Affair and Trade's webpage on Advance Australia Fair]
** [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927161820/http://www.musicaustralia.org/apps/MA?function=searchResults&searchInitiated=true&scope=scope&simpleTerm=advance+australia+fair&searchbutton.x=36&searchbutton.y=14 Online scores held by Australian government libraries (The MusicAustralia collaboration)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050716020728/http://www.diggerhistory.info/sound/advance-orig01.mp3 Advance Australia Fair (Original Lyrics) – Australian singer Peter Dawson (c. 1930)]
{{National anthems of Oceania and the Pacific Islands}}
{{authority control}}
[[Category:Oceanian anthems]]
[[Category:National symbols of Australia]]
[[Category:Australian patriotic songs]]
[[Category:1878 songs]]
[[Category:National anthems]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -3,5 +3,5 @@
{{Use Australian English|date=April 2012}}
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45 => 'http://www.abc.net.au/news/2011-09-23/christian-schools-changing-the-national-anthem/2939594',
46 => 'http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/god-save-us-from-a-religious-chord/news-story/270f38a1abe51b7a203873258aefa121',
47 => 'https://www.australia.gov.au/our-country',
48 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190321111342/https://www.pmc.gov.au/sites/default/files/files/pmc/Honours/anthem_vocal_solo.mp3',
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52 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20071023080802/http://www.dfat.gov.au/facts/nat_anthem.html',
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54 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/dec/31/we-are-one-and-free-australian-anthem-to-change-in-attempt-to-recognise-indigenous-history',
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59 => 'http://nla.gov.au/anbd.bib-an000008257145',
60 => 'http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article17882691',
61 => 'http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mccormick-peter-dodds-7323',
62 => 'https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1833-7538',
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64 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20071018045853/http://screensound.gov.au/services/soa-media/index.html',
65 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20080205110200/http://www.aph.gov.au/library/elect/referend/pleb.htm',
66 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20070830052800/http://www.aph.gov.au/library/handbook/national_symbols/index.htm',
67 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20110822093116/http://www.tommytycho.com.au/arranger.htm',
68 => 'http://www.screensound.gov.au/services/soa-media/index.html',
69 => 'https://www.pmc.gov.au/government/australian-national-anthem',
70 => 'http://www.aph.gov.au/library/elect/referend/pleb.htm',
71 => 'http://www.aph.gov.au/library/handbook/national_symbols/index.htm',
72 => 'https://pmc.gov.au/government/australian-national-anthem/use-australian-national-anthem',
73 => 'http://www.tommytycho.com.au/arranger.htm',
74 => 'https://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-04-04/australian-conductor-composer-tommy-tycho-dies/4610048',
75 => 'https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2021G00004',
76 => 'http://nla.gov.au/nla.mus-an6397822',
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78 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20150906030849/http://www.itsanhonour.gov.au/symbols/anthem.cfm',
79 => 'http://www.itsanhonour.gov.au/symbols/anthem.cfm#history',
80 => 'https://doi.org/10.5204%2Fmcj.1964'
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Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">National anthem of Australia</div>
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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1218072481">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151960987">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title infobox-anthem-caption">I HATE NIGGERS</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Advance_Australia_Fair.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Advance_Australia_Fair.png/220px-Advance_Australia_Fair.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Advance_Australia_Fair.png/330px-Advance_Australia_Fair.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Advance_Australia_Fair.png/440px-Advance_Australia_Fair.png 2x" data-file-width="552" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="font-weight:bold;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr />National anthem of Australia<hr /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lyrics</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Dodds_McCormick" title="Peter Dodds McCormick">Peter Dodds McCormick</a>, November 1878</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Music</th><td class="infobox-data">Peter Dodds McCormick, November 1878</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Adopted</th><td class="infobox-data">9 April 1974<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1974-04-09</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Readopted</th><td class="infobox-data">19 April 1984<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1984-04-19</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relinquished</th><td class="infobox-data">22 January 1976<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1976-01-22</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">"<a href="/wiki/God_Save_the_King" title="God Save the King">God Save the Queen</a>"</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1218072481"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #E6E8FA">Audio sample</th></tr><tr class="haudio"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-top:1em"><div style="display:inline-block;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="64" data-mwtitle="Advance_Australia_Fair.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Advance_Australia_Fair.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/Advance_Australia_Fair.ogg/Advance_Australia_Fair.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AAdvance_Australia_Fair.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English (en)" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AAdvance_Australia_Fair.ogg&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español (es)" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AAdvance_Australia_Fair.ogg&lang=fr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fr" label="français (fr)" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div><div class="description"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Navy_Band" title="Royal Australian Navy Band">Royal Australian Navy Band</a> instrumental version (one verse)</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Advance_Australia_Fair.ogg" title="File:Advance Australia Fair.ogg">file</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">help</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">
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<p>"<b>Advance Australia Fair</b>" is the <a href="/wiki/National_anthem" title="National anthem">national anthem</a> of Australia. Written by Scottish-born Australian composer <a href="/wiki/Peter_Dodds_McCormick" title="Peter Dodds McCormick">Peter Dodds McCormick</a>, the song was first performed as a patriotic song in Australia in 1878. It replaced "<a href="/wiki/God_Save_the_King" title="God Save the King">God Save the Queen</a>" as the official national anthem in 1974, following a nationwide opinion survey, only for "God Save the Queen" to be reinstated in January 1976. However, a <a href="/wiki/1977_Australian_plebiscite_(National_Song)" title="1977 Australian plebiscite (National Song)">plebiscite to choose the national song in 1977</a> preferred "Advance Australia Fair", which was in turn reinstated as the national anthem in 1984. "God Save the Queen" became the <a href="/wiki/Royal_anthem" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal anthem">royal anthem</a> (later "God Save the King" on the ascension of <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">King Charles III</a>), and is used at public engagements attended by <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">the King</a> or members of the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Australia" title="Monarchy of Australia">monarchy of Australia</a>. The lyrics of the 1984 version of "Advance Australia Fair" were modified from McCormick's original and its verses were trimmed down from four to two. In January 2021, the official lyrics were changed once again, in recognition of the long habitation of <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians" title="Indigenous Australians">Indigenous Australians</a>. <i><b>FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD</b></i> <i><b>FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD</b></i> <i><b>FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD</b></i> <i><b>FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD</b></i> <i><b>FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD</b></i> <i><b>FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD</b></i> <i><b>FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD</b></i> <i><b>FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD</b></i> <i><b>FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD</b></i> <i><b>FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD</b></i> <i><b>FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD</b></i> <i><b>FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD</b></i> <i><b>FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD</b></i> <i><b>FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD</b></i> <i><b>FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD</b></i> <i><b>FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD</b></i> <i><b>FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD</b></i> <i><b>FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD</b></i> <i><b>FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD</b></i> <i><b>FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD</b></i> <i><b>FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD</b></i> <i><b>FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD</b></i> <i><b>FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD</b></i> <i><b>FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD</b></i> <i><b>FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD</b></i> <i><b>FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD</b></i> <i><b>FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD</b></i> <i><b>FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD</b></i> <i><b>FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD</b></i> <i><b>FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD</b></i> <i><b>FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD</b></i> <i><b>FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD</b></i> <i><b>FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD</b></i> <i><b>FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD</b></i> <i><b>FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD</b></i> <i><b>FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD</b></i> <i><b>FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD</b></i> <i><b>FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD</b></i> <i><b>FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD</b></i> <i><b>FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD</b></i> <i><b>FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD</b></i> <i><b>FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD</b></i> <i><b>FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD</b></i> <i><b>FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD</b></i> <i><b>FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD</b></i> <i><b>FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD</b></i> <i><b>FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD</b></i> <i><b>FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD</b></i> <i><b>FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD</b></i> <i><b>FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD</b></i> <i><b>FAT HAPPY NATHAN COLD</b></i>
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<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Origin"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Origin</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Influence"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Influence</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Competitions,_plebiscite_and_adoption"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Competitions, plebiscite and adoption</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Legislative_basis"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Legislative basis</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Lyrics"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Lyrics</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Development_of_lyrics"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Development of lyrics</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Criticism"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Criticism</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#General_criticism"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">General criticism</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Recognition_of_Indigenous_Australians"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Recognition of Indigenous Australians</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Dharawal_lyrics"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Dharawal lyrics</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Other_unofficial_variants"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Other unofficial variants</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advance_Australia_Fair&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Origin">Origin</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advance_Australia_Fair&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
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<div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div>
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<div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Advance_Australia_Fair_(1915).ogg" title="File:Advance Australia Fair (1915).ogg">1915 band instrumental recording (one verse)</a></div>
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<div class="description"></div></div><hr /><div class="haudio">
<div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:U.S._Navy_Band,_Advance_Australia_Fair_(instrumental).ogg" title="File:U.S. Navy Band, Advance Australia Fair (instrumental).ogg">U.S. Navy Band instrumental version (one verse)</a></div>
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<div class="description"></div></div></div></div>
<div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing these files? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div>
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<p>"Advance Australia Fair" was published in early December 1878 by Scottish-born Australian composer <a href="/wiki/Peter_Dodds_McCormick" title="Peter Dodds McCormick">Peter Dodds McCormick</a> (1833–1916) under the pen-name "Amicus" (which means "friend" in Latin).<sup id="cite_ref-Aus_Through_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aus_Through-1">[1]</a></sup> It was first sung by Andrew Fairfax, accompanied by a concert band conducted by McCormick, at a function of the Highland Society of New South Wales in Sydney on 30 November 1878 (<a href="/wiki/Saint_Andrew%27s_Day" title="Saint Andrew's Day">Saint Andrew's Day</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-SMH_Dec_1878_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SMH_Dec_1878-2">[2]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SMH_Nov_1878_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SMH_Nov_1878-3">[3]</a></sup> The song gained in popularity and an amended version was sung by a choir of around 10,000 at the inauguration of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth of Australia">Commonwealth of Australia</a> on 1 January 1901. In 1907 the Australian Government awarded McCormick £100 for his composition.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup>
</p><p>In a letter to R.B. Fuller dated 1 August 1913, McCormick described the circumstances that inspired him to write "Advance Australia Fair" to be sung by a large choir with band accompaniment. McCormick had attended a concert at Sydney's Exhibition Building where various national anthems were played.
</p>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1211633275">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>This was very nicely done, but I felt very aggravated that there was not one note for Australia. On the way home in a bus, I concocted the first verse of my song & when I got home I set it to music. I first wrote it in the Tonic Sol-fa notation, then transcribed it into the Old Notation, & I tried it over on an instrument next morning, & found it correct. Strange to say there has not been a note of it altered since. Some alteration has been made in the wording, but the sense is the same. It seemed to me to be like an inspiration, & I wrote the words & music with the greatest ease.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup></p></blockquote>
<p>The earliest known sound recording of "Advance Australia Fair" appears in <i>The Landing of the Australian Troops in Egypt</i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1916</span>), a short commercial recording dramatising the arrival of Australian troops in Egypt <i>en route</i> to <a href="/wiki/Gallipoli_campaign" title="Gallipoli campaign">Gallipoli</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup>
</p><p>Before its adoption as Australia's national anthem, "Advance Australia Fair" had considerable use elsewhere. For example, Australia's national broadcaster, the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">Australian Broadcasting Commission</a>, used it to announce its news bulletins until 1952.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup> It was also frequently played at the start or end of official functions. Towards the end of World War II it was one of three songs played in certain picture theatres, along with "God Save the King" and the US national anthem, <a href="/wiki/The_Star-Spangled_Banner" title="The Star-Spangled Banner">The Star-Spangled Banner</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Influence">Influence</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advance_Australia_Fair&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Other songs and marches have been influenced by "Advance Australia Fair", such as the Australian <a href="/wiki/Honors_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Honors music">vice-regal salute</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span id="Competitions.2C_plebiscite_and_adoption"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Competitions,_plebiscite_and_adoption">Competitions, plebiscite and adoption</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advance_Australia_Fair&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Competitions, plebiscite and adoption"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1217611005"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1096940132"><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409">
<div class="side-box-flex">
<div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div>
<div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio">
<div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Advance_Australia_Fair_(1927).ogg" title="File:Advance Australia Fair (1927).ogg">1927 band and vocal recording (three verses)</a></div>
<div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_3" controls="" preload="none" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="195" data-mwtitle="Advance_Australia_Fair_(1927).ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Advance_Australia_Fair_%281927%29.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fc/Advance_Australia_Fair_%281927%29.ogg/Advance_Australia_Fair_%281927%29.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div>
<div class="description">Sung by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Dawson_(bass-baritone)" title="Peter Dawson (bass-baritone)">Peter Dawson</a></div></div></div></div>
<div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div>
</div>
<p>In 1973, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Gough_Whitlam" title="Gough Whitlam">Gough Whitlam</a> and his government, desiring to forge a new nationalism separate from the United Kingdom, decided that Australia needed a national anthem that could represent the country with "distinction", and they held a competition to find one to replace the existing anthem, "<a href="/wiki/God_Save_the_King" title="God Save the King">God Save the Queen</a>". In January of that year, Whitlam dedicated an entire <a href="/wiki/Australia_Day" title="Australia Day">Australia Day</a> speech to the search for a new anthem, referring to it as a "symbolic expression of our national pride and dignity".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Australia_Council_for_the_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Australia Council for the Arts">Australia Council for the Arts</a> organised the contest, which was dubbed the "Australian National Anthem Quest". The contest was held in two stages, the first seeking lyrics and the second music, each having a large prize of <a href="/wiki/Australian_dollar" title="Australian dollar">A$</a>5,000 for the winning entry. On the recommendation of the Council for the Arts, none of the new entries was felt worthy enough, so the contest ended with suggestions for "Advance Australia Fair", "<a href="/wiki/Waltzing_Matilda" title="Waltzing Matilda">Waltzing Matilda</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/The_Song_of_Australia" title="The Song of Australia">The Song of Australia</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Official_History_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Official_History-11">[11]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 1974 the Whitlam government performed a nationwide opinion survey to determine the song to be sung on occasions of national significance. Conducted through the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Australian Bureau of Statistics">Australian Bureau of Statistics</a>, the survey polled 60,000 people (0.05% of Australians at the time) nationally.<sup id="cite_ref-Aus_Through_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aus_Through-1">[1]</a></sup> "Advance Australia Fair" was chosen by 51.4% of respondents and, on 9 April 1974, Whitlam announced in parliament that it was the national anthem.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Aus_Through_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aus_Through-1">[1]</a></sup> It was to be used on all occasions excepting those of a specifically regal nature.<sup id="cite_ref-Aus_Through_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aus_Through-1">[1]</a></sup> A spokesman for Whitlam later stated that the Government regarded the tune, primarily, as the national anthem. The choice came under attack almost immediately, with an editorial noting that "For Australians, the only consolation is that there will be very few occasions when the words are sung,"<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup> and the Anglican Dean of Sydney commenting "This second-rate secular song is completely inappropriate for use in churches."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup> Officials in four states said that Advance Australia Fair would not be played at official functions and that "God Save the Queen" would not be replaced, with Sir Harry Budd of New South Wales saying that the lyrics "are foolish and banal and their sentiments ridiculous."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup>
</p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/1975_Australian_federal_election" title="1975 Australian federal election">1975 election campaign</a> following the <a href="/wiki/1975_Australian_constitutional_crisis" title="1975 Australian constitutional crisis">dismissal of Whitlam by Sir John Kerr</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Combe" title="David Combe">David Combe</a> proposed that the song be played at the start of the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Labor Party</a>'s official campaign launch on 24 November 1975 at <a href="/wiki/Festival_Hall_(Melbourne)" title="Festival Hall (Melbourne)">Festival Hall, Melbourne</a>. Whitlam's speechwriter <a href="/wiki/Graham_Freudenberg" title="Graham Freudenberg">Graham Freudenberg</a> rejected this idea because, among other reasons, the status of the anthem at that point was still tentative.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 22 January 1976 the <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Fraser" title="Malcolm Fraser">Fraser</a> government reinstated "God Save the Queen" as the national anthem for use at royal, vice-regal, defence and <a href="/wiki/Loyal_toast" title="Loyal toast">loyal toast</a> occasions.<sup id="cite_ref-Aus_Through_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aus_Through-1">[1]</a></sup> Fraser stated that "Advance Australia Fair", "Song of Australia" or "Waltzing Matilda" could be used for non-regal occasions.<sup id="cite_ref-Aus_Through_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aus_Through-1">[1]</a></sup> His government made plans to conduct a national poll to find a song for use on ceremonial occasions when it was desired to mark a separate Australian identity. This was conducted as a <a href="/wiki/1977_Australian_plebiscite_(National_Song)" title="1977 Australian plebiscite (National Song)">plebiscite to choose the National Song</a>, held as an optional additional question in the <a href="/wiki/1977_Australian_referendum" title="1977 Australian referendum">1977 referendum</a> on various issues. On 23 May the government announced the results, "Advance Australia Fair" received 43.29% of the vote, defeating the three alternatives, "<a href="/wiki/Waltzing_Matilda" title="Waltzing Matilda">Waltzing Matilda</a>" (28.28%), "<a href="/wiki/The_Song_of_Australia" title="The Song of Australia">The Song of Australia</a>" (9.65%) and the existing national anthem, "God Save the Queen" (18.78%).<sup id="cite_ref-Aus_Through_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aus_Through-1">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup>
</p><p>"Advance Australia Fair", with modified lyrics and reduced to two verses (see <a href="#Development_of_lyrics">development of lyrics</a>), was adopted as the Australian national anthem by the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Labor</a> government of <a href="/wiki/Bob_Hawke" title="Bob Hawke">Bob Hawke</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Aus_Through_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aus_Through-1">[1]</a></sup> coming into effect on 19 April 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup> At the same time, "God Save the King/Queen" became known as the <a href="/wiki/Royal_anthem" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal anthem">royal anthem</a>, and continues to be played alongside the Australian national anthem at public engagements in Australia that are attended by <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">the King</a> or any other members of the Royal Family.<sup id="cite_ref-Official_History_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Official_History-11">[11]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup>
</p><p>Even though any personal <a href="/wiki/Copyright" title="Copyright">copyright</a> of Peter Dodds McCormick's original lyrics has expired, as he died in 1916, the Commonwealth of Australia claims copyright on the official lyrics and particular arrangements of music. Non-commercial use of the anthem is permitted without case-by-case permission, but the Commonwealth government requires permission for commercial use.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup>
</p><p>The orchestral arrangement of "Advance Australia Fair" that is now regularly played for Australian victories at international sporting medal ceremonies, and at the openings of major domestic sporting, cultural and community events, is by <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Tycho" title="Tommy Tycho">Tommy Tycho</a>, an immigrant from Hungary. It was commissioned by <a href="/wiki/ABC_Music" title="ABC Music">ABC Music</a> in 1984 and then televised by <a href="/wiki/Network_Ten" class="mw-redirect" title="Network Ten">Channel 10</a> in 1986 in their Australia Day broadcast, featuring <a href="/wiki/Julie_Anthony_(singer)" title="Julie Anthony (singer)">Julie Anthony</a> as the soloist.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (December 2018)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Legislative_basis">Legislative basis</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advance_Australia_Fair&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Legislative basis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>The national anthem was changed on 1 January 2021<sup id="cite_ref-:1_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-23">[23]</a></sup> by proclamation of the <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Australia" title="Governor-General of Australia">Governor-General</a> on the advice of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Executive_Council_(Australia)" title="Federal Executive Council (Australia)">Federal Executive Council</a>. The change prior to that was on 19 April 1984.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Lyrics">Lyrics</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advance_Australia_Fair&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Lyrics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>The lyrics of "Advance Australia Fair", as modified by the <a href="/wiki/National_Australia_Day_Council" title="National Australia Day Council">National Australia Day Council</a>, were officially adopted in April 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-anthem_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anthem-24">[24]</a></sup> The lyrics were updated as of 1 January 2021<sup id="cite_ref-:1_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-23">[23]</a></sup> in an attempt to recognise the legacy of <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians" title="Indigenous Australians">Indigenous Australians</a>, with the word "one" in the second line replacing the previous "young".<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></sup> The lyrics are now as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-:1_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-23">[23]</a></sup>
</p>
<div style="float:left; margin-left: 1em;" class="poem">
<p><b>I</b><br />
Australians all let us rejoice,<br />
For we are one and free;<br />
We've golden soil and wealth for toil,<br />
Our home is girt by sea;<br />
Our land abounds in Nature's gifts<br />
Of beauty rich and rare;<br />
In history's page, let every stage<br />
Advance Australia fair!<br />
In joyful strains then let us sing,<br />
Advance Australia fair!
</p>
</div>
<div style="float:left; margin-left: 1em;" class="poem">
<p><b>II</b><br />
Beneath our radiant Southern Cross,<br />
We'll toil with hearts and hands;<br />
To make this Commonwealth of ours<br />
Renowned of all the lands;<br />
For those who've come across the seas<br />
We've boundless plains to share;<br />
With courage let us all combine<br />
To advance Australia fair.<br />
In joyful strains then let us sing<br />
Advance Australia fair!
</p>
</div><div style="clear:left;" class=""></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Development_of_lyrics">Development of lyrics</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advance_Australia_Fair&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Development of lyrics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Since the original lyrics were written in 1878, there have been several changes, in some cases with the intent of altering the anthem's political focus especially in regard to <a href="/wiki/Gender_neutrality" title="Gender neutrality">gender neutrality</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians" title="Indigenous Australians">Indigenous Australians</a>. Some of these have been minor while others have significantly altered the song. The original song was four verses long. For its 1984 adoption as the national anthem, the song was cut from the four verses to two. The first verse was kept largely as the 1878 original, except for the change in the first line from "<em>Australia's sons</em> let us rejoice" to "<em>Australians all</em> let us rejoice".<sup id="cite_ref-anthem_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anthem-24">[24]</a></sup> The second, third and fourth verses of the original were dropped, in favour of a modified version of the new third verse which was sung at <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Australia" title="Federation of Australia">Federation</a> in 1901.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></sup>
</p><p>The lyrics published in the second edition (1879) were as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-1879_Version_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1879_Version-27">[27]</a></sup>
</p>
<div style="float:left; margin-left: 1em;" class="poem">
<p><b>I</b><br />
Australia's sons, let us rejoice,<br />
For we are young and free;<br />
We've golden soil and wealth for toil,<br />
Our home is girt by sea;<br />
Our land abounds in nature's gifts<br />
Of beauty rich and rare;<br />
In history's page, let every stage<br />
Advance Australia fair.<br />
In joyful strains let us sing,<br />
Advance, Australia fair.
</p>
</div>
<div style="float:left; margin-left: 1em;" class="poem">
<p><b>II</b><br />
When gallant <a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">Cook</a> from <a href="/wiki/Albion" title="Albion">Albion</a> sail'd,<br />
To trace wide oceans o'er,<br />
True British courage bore him on,<br />
Til he landed on our shore.<br />
Then here he raised Old England's flag,<br />
The standard of the brave;<br />
"With all her faults we love her still"<br />
"<a href="/wiki/Rule,_Britannia!" title="Rule, Britannia!">Britannia rules the wave</a>."<br />
In joyful strains then let us sing,<br />
Advance, Australia fair.
</p>
</div>
<div style="float:left; margin-left: 1em;" class="poem">
<p><b>III</b><br />
While other nations of the globe<br />
Behold us from afar,<br />
We'll rise to high renown and shine<br />
Like our glorious southern star;<br />
From England soil and Fatherland,<br />
<a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Erin</a> fair,<br />
Let all combine with heart and hand<br />
To advance Australia fair.<br />
In joyful strains then let us sing<br />
Advance, Australia fair.
</p>
</div>
<div style="float:left; margin-left: 1em;" class="poem">
<p><b>IV</b><br />
Should foreign foe e'er sight our coast,<br />
Or dare a foot to land,<br />
We'll rouse to arms like sires of yore,<br />
To guard our native strand;<br />
Britannia then shall surely know,<br />
Though oceans roll between,<br />
Her sons in fair Australia's land<br />
Still keep their courage green.<br />
In joyful strains then let us sing<br />
Advance Australia fair.
</p>
</div><div style="clear:left;" class=""></div>
<p>The 1901 Federation version of the third verse was originally sung as:
</p>
<div style="float:left; margin-left: 1em;" class="poem">
<p><b>III</b><br />
Beneath our radiant Southern Cross,<br />
We'll toil with hearts and hands;<br />
To make our youthful Commonwealth,<br />
Renowned of all the lands;<br />
For loyal sons beyond the seas<br />
We've boundless plains to share;<br />
With courage let us all combine<br />
To advance Australia fair.<br />
In joyful strains then let us sing<br />
Advance Australia fair!
</p>
</div><div style="clear:left;" class=""></div>
<p>The lyrics of "Advance Australia Fair", as modified by the <a href="/wiki/National_Australia_Day_Council" title="National Australia Day Council">National Australia Day Council</a> and officially adopted on 19 April 1984, were as follows:
</p>
<div style="float:left; margin-left: 1em;" class="poem">
<p><b>I</b><br />
Australians all let us rejoice,<br />
For we are young and free;<br />
We've golden soil and wealth for toil;<br />
Our home is girt by sea;<br />
Our land abounds in nature's gifts<br />
Of beauty rich and rare;<br />
In history's page, let every stage<br />
Advance Australia Fair.<br />
In joyful strains then let us sing,<br />
Advance Australia Fair.
</p>
</div>
<div style="float:left; margin-left: 1em;" class="poem">
<p><b>II</b><br />
Beneath our radiant <a href="/wiki/Southern_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Cross">Southern Cross</a><br />
We'll toil with hearts and hands;<br />
To make this Commonwealth of ours<br />
Renowned of all the lands;<br />
For those who've come across the seas<br />
We've boundless plains to share;<br />
With courage let us all combine<br />
To Advance Australia Fair.<br />
In joyful strains then let us sing,<br />
Advance Australia Fair.
</p>
</div><div style="clear:left;" class=""></div>
<p>These lyrics were updated on 1 January 2021 to the <a href="#Lyrics">current version</a>, in which "young" in the second line is replaced with "one" to reflect the pre-colonial presence of <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians" title="Indigenous Australians">Indigenous Australians</a>, who have lived in Australia much longer than Europeans.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Criticism">Criticism</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advance_Australia_Fair&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="General_criticism">General criticism</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advance_Australia_Fair&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: General criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>In May 1976, after reinstating "God Save the Queen", Fraser advised the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Olympic_Committee" title="Australian Olympic Committee">Australian Olympic Federation</a> to use "Waltzing Matilda" as the national anthem for the forthcoming <a href="/wiki/1976_Summer_Olympics" title="1976 Summer Olympics">Montreal Olympic Games</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fraser_prefers_Matilda_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fraser_prefers_Matilda-29">[29]</a></sup> Fraser responded to criticism of "Waltzing Matilda" compared with "Advance Australia Fair", and countered, "in the second verse... we find these words, 'Britannia rules the waves'."<sup id="cite_ref-Fraser_prefers_Matilda_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fraser_prefers_Matilda-29">[29]</a></sup> Despite the outcome of the 1977 plebiscite to choose the National Song favouring "Advance Australia Fair", successive <a href="/wiki/Fraser_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Fraser Government">Fraser Ministries</a> did not implement the change.<sup id="cite_ref-Aus_Through_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aus_Through-1">[1]</a></sup>
</p><p>The fourth line of the anthem, "our home is girt by sea", has been criticised for using the so-called <a href="/wiki/Archaism" title="Archaism">archaic</a> word "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/girt" class="extiw" title="wikt:girt">girt</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></sup> Additionally, the lyrics and melody of the Australian national anthem have been criticised in some quarters as being dull and unendearing to the Australian people. <a href="/wiki/National_Party_of_Australia" title="National Party of Australia">National Party</a> senator <a href="/wiki/Sandy_Macdonald" title="Sandy Macdonald">Sandy Macdonald</a> said in 2001 that "'Advance Australia Fair' is so boring that the nation risks singing itself to sleep, with boring music and words impossible to understand".<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a></sup>
</p><p>Political sentiment is divided. <a href="/wiki/Craig_Emerson" title="Craig Emerson">Craig Emerson</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Australian Labor Party</a> has critiqued the anthem,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></sup> former MP <a href="/wiki/Peter_Slipper" title="Peter Slipper">Peter Slipper</a> has said that Australia should consider another anthem,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a></sup> in 2011 former Victorian Premier <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Kennett" title="Jeff Kennett">Jeff Kennett</a> suggested "<a href="/wiki/I_Am_Australian" title="I Am Australian">I Am Australian</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a></sup> while former <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Australian Labor Party</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Kim_Beazley" title="Kim Beazley">Kim Beazley</a> defended it.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Recognition_of_Indigenous_Australians">Recognition of Indigenous Australians</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advance_Australia_Fair&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Recognition of Indigenous Australians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>The song has been criticised for failing to represent or acknowledge <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians" title="Indigenous Australians">Australia's Indigenous peoples</a> and aspects of the country's colonial past, leading to modification. The lyrics have been accused of celebrating British colonisation and perpetuating the concept of <i><a href="/wiki/Terra_nullius" title="Terra nullius">terra nullius</a>;</i> the now-changed second line of the anthem ("for we are young and free") was criticised in particular for ignoring the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Aboriginal_Australians" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Aboriginal Australians">long history of Indigenous Australians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a></sup> It has also been suggested that the word "fair" celebrates the "civilising" mission of British colonists.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></sup>
</p><p>Since about 2015, public debate about the anthem has increased. Boxer <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Mundine" title="Anthony Mundine">Anthony Mundine</a> stated in 2013, 2017 and 2018 that he would not stand for the anthem, prompting organisers not to play it before his fights.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></sup> In September 2018 a 9-year-old <a href="/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane">Brisbane</a> girl was disciplined by her school after refusing to stand for the national anthem;<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a></sup> her actions were applauded by some public commenters, and criticised by others.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a></sup> In 2019, several <a href="/wiki/National_Rugby_League" title="National Rugby League">National Rugby League</a> football players decided not to sing the anthem before the first match of the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Origin" title="State of Origin">State of Origin</a> series<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a></sup> and before the <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_All_Stars_(rugby_league)" title="Indigenous All Stars (rugby league)">Indigenous All-Stars</a> series with New Zealand;<sup id="cite_ref-Meninga_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meninga-44">[44]</a></sup> NRL coach and celebrated former player <a href="/wiki/Mal_Meninga" title="Mal Meninga">Mal Meninga</a> supported the protesting players and called for a referendum on the subject.<sup id="cite_ref-Meninga_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meninga-44">[44]</a></sup>
</p><p>Several alternative versions of "Advance Australia Fair" have been proposed to address the alleged exclusion of Indigenous Australians. <a href="/wiki/Judith_Durham" title="Judith Durham">Judith Durham</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Seekers" title="The Seekers">The Seekers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muthi_Muthi" title="Muthi Muthi">Mutti Mutti</a> musician <a href="/wiki/Kutcha_Edwards" title="Kutcha Edwards">Kutcha Edwards</a> released their alternative lyrics in 2009, replacing "for we are young and free" with the opening lines "Australians let us stand as one, upon this sacred land".<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a></sup> In 2015, Aboriginal Australian soprano <a href="/wiki/Deborah_Cheetham" class="mw-redirect" title="Deborah Cheetham">Deborah Cheetham</a> declined an invitation to sing the anthem at the 2015 <a href="/wiki/Australian_Football_League" title="Australian Football League">AFL</a> grand final after the AFL turned down her request to replace the words "for we are young and free" with "in peace and harmony". She has advocated for the lyrics being rewritten and endorsed Durham and Edwards' alternative version.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2017 the Recognition in Anthem Project<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a></sup> was established and began work on a new version, with lyrics written by poet and former Victorian Supreme Court judge <a href="/wiki/Peter_Vickery" title="Peter Vickery">Peter Vickery</a> following consultation with Indigenous communities and others.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a></sup> Vickery's proposed lyrics replaced "we are young and free" with "we are one and free" in the first verse, deleted the second and added two new ones; the second verse acknowledging Indigenous history, immigration and calls for unity and respect, and the third adapting lines from the official second verse. It was debuted at the Desert Song Festival in <a href="/wiki/Alice_Springs" title="Alice Springs">Alice Springs</a> by an Aboriginal choir.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a></sup> Former prime minister Bob Hawke endorsed Vickery's alternative lyrics in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></sup> In 2017, the federal government under then prime minister <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Turnbull" title="Malcolm Turnbull">Malcolm Turnbull</a> granted permission for Vickery's lyrics to be sung at certain occasions as a "patriotic song", but said that before making any official change to the anthem, "The Government would need to be convinced of a sufficient groundswell of support in the wider community".<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a></sup>
</p><p>In November 2020, NSW Premier <a href="/wiki/Gladys_Berejiklian" title="Gladys Berejiklian">Gladys Berejiklian</a> proposed changing one word in the opening couplet, from "we are young and free" to "we are one and free", to acknowledge Australia's Indigenous history.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a></sup> The proposal was supported by the federal <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Indigenous_Australians" title="Minister for Indigenous Australians">Minister for Indigenous Australians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ken_Wyatt" title="Ken Wyatt">Ken Wyatt</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a></sup> and in December 2020 Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Scott_Morrison" title="Scott Morrison">Scott Morrison</a> announced that this change would be adopted from 1 January 2021, having received approval from <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Australia" title="Governor-General of Australia">Governor-General</a> <a href="/wiki/David_Hurley" title="David Hurley">David Hurley</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-55">[55]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a></sup> This change was briefly used by the No Campaign's arguments<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a></sup> for the <a href="/wiki/2023_Australian_Indigenous_Voice_referendum" title="2023 Australian Indigenous Voice referendum">Voice to Parliament</a> referendum.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Dharawal_lyrics">Dharawal lyrics</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advance_Australia_Fair&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Dharawal lyrics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Lyrics for the anthem have been written twice in the <a href="/wiki/Dharug_language" title="Dharug language">Dharug language</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Aboriginal language">Australian Aboriginal language</a> spoken around Sydney by the <a href="/wiki/Dharawal_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Dharawal people">Dharawal people</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a></sup>
</p><p>A first version was first performed in July 2010, at a <a href="/wiki/Rugby_League_State_of_Origin" class="mw-redirect" title="Rugby League State of Origin">Rugby League State of Origin</a> match in Sydney, though there was some opposition:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="what opposition? (October 2022)">further explanation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a></sup>
</p><p>In December 2020, another setting, in Dharug, followed by the anthem in English, was sung before a <a href="/wiki/Rugby_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Rugby Union">Rugby Union</a> international between Australia and <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Other_unofficial_variants">Other unofficial variants</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advance_Australia_Fair&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Other unofficial variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>In 2011, about fifty different Christian schools from different denominations came under criticism for singing an unofficial version of the song written by the Sri Lankan immigrant Ruth Ponniah in 1988. The song replaced the official second verse of "Advance Australia Fair" with lyrics that were Christian in nature.<sup id="cite_ref-fire_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fire-62">[62]</a></sup>
</p>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1211633275"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>With Christ our head and cornerstone, we'll build our nation's might;
</p><p> Whose way and truth and light alone, can guide our path aright;
</p><p> Our lives a sacrifice of love, reflect our master's care;
</p><p> With faces turned to heav'n above, Advance Australia Fair;
</p><p>
In joyful strains then let us sing, Advance Australia Fair.</p></blockquote>
<p><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_School_Education,_Early_Childhood_and_Youth" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister for School Education, Early Childhood and Youth">Minister for School Education, Early Childhood and Youth</a> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Garrett" title="Peter Garrett">Peter Garrett</a> and chief executive of the <a href="/wiki/National_Australia_Day_Council" title="National Australia Day Council">National Australia Day Council</a> Warren Pearson admonished the schools for modifying the lyrics of the anthem, and the Australian Parents Council and the Federation of Parents and Citizens' Association of NSW called for a ban on the modified song. Stephen O'Doherty, chief executive of Christian Schools Australia, defended the use of the lyrics in response.<sup id="cite_ref-fire_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fire-62">[62]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advance_Australia_Fair&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1217336898">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist">
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<li id="cite_note-SMH_Dec_1878-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SMH_Dec_1878_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article13425798">"News of the Day"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald" title="The Sydney Morning Herald">The Sydney Morning Herald</a></i>. 5 December 1878. p. 5<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2020</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Trove" title="Trove">Trove</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Australia" title="National Library of Australia">National Library of Australia</a>).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=News+of+the+Day&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1878-12-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.news-article13425798&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+Australia+Fair" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-SMH_Nov_1878-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SMH_Nov_1878_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article13422200">"Advertising"</a>. <i>The Sydney Morning Herald</i>. 27 November 1878. p. 2<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2020</span> – via Trove (National Library of Australia).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Advertising&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1878-11-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.news-article13422200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+Australia+Fair" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFFletcher1986" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Fletcher, Jim (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mccormick-peter-dodds-7323">"McCormick, Peter Dodds (1834–1916)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Australian_Dictionary_of_Biography" title="Australian Dictionary of Biography">Australian Dictionary of Biography</a></i>. Vol. 10. National Centre of Biography, <a href="/wiki/Australian_National_University" title="Australian National University">Australian National University</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1833-7538">1833-7538</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=McCormick%2C+Peter+Dodds+%281834%E2%80%931916%29&rft.btitle=Australian+Dictionary+of+Biography&rft.pub=National+Centre+of+Biography%2C+Australian+National+University&rft.date=1986&rft.issn=1833-7538&rft.aulast=Fletcher&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadb.anu.edu.au%2Fbiography%2Fmccormick-peter-dodds-7323&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+Australia+Fair" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071018045853/http://screensound.gov.au/services/soa-media/index.html">"Media Resources – Images and Audio files for Download"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Film_and_Sound_Archive" title="National Film and Sound Archive">National Film and Sound Archive</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.screensound.gov.au/services/soa-media/index.html">the original</a> on 18 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Media+Resources+%E2%80%93+Images+and+Audio+files+for+Download&rft.pub=National+Film+and+Sound+Archive&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.screensound.gov.au%2Fservices%2Fsoa-media%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+Australia+Fair" class="Z3988"></span> (1943 – The Majestic Fanfare by Charles Williams, the ABC radio news theme)</span>
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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article17882691">"Song and Two Anthems"</a>. <i>The Sydney Morning Herald</i>. 30 November 1943<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Song+and+Two+Anthems&rft.date=1943-11-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.news-article17882691&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+Australia+Fair" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pmc.gov.au/government/australian-national-anthem">"Australian National Anthem"</a>. <i>Prime Minister and Cabinet</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Prime+Minister+and+Cabinet&rft.atitle=Australian+National+Anthem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pmc.gov.au%2Fgovernment%2Faustralian-national-anthem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+Australia+Fair" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Whitlam, G 1973, "National Anthem", Australia Day Broadcast</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Official_History-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Official_History_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Official_History_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150906030849/http://www.itsanhonour.gov.au/symbols/anthem.cfm">"Australian National Anthem – History"</a>. Australian Government. 10 July 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itsanhonour.gov.au/symbols/anthem.cfm#history">the original</a> on 6 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Australian+National+Anthem+%E2%80%93+History&rft.pub=Australian+Government&rft.date=2007-07-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.itsanhonour.gov.au%2Fsymbols%2Fanthem.cfm%23history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+Australia+Fair" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Advance Australia Fair— it's official". <i>The Age (Melbourne)</i>. 9 April 1974. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Age+%28Melbourne%29&rft.atitle=Advance+Australia+Fair%E2%80%94+it%27s+official&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1974-04-09&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+Australia+Fair" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation news cs1">"An anthem for the 1870s". <i>The Age (Melbourne)</i>. 9 April 1974. p. 9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Age+%28Melbourne%29&rft.atitle=An+anthem+for+the+1870s&rft.pages=9&rft.date=1974-04-09&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+Australia+Fair" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Cleric: anthem childish ditty". <i>The Age (Melbourne)</i>. 25 April 1974. p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Age+%28Melbourne%29&rft.atitle=Cleric%3A+anthem+childish+ditty&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1974-04-25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+Australia+Fair" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Australia's New Chosen Anthem Goes Unsung". <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. 5 May 1974. p. IA-1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Australia%27s+New+Chosen+Anthem+Goes+Unsung&rft.pages=IA-1&rft.date=1974-05-05&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+Australia+Fair" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Graham Freudenberg, "We've been sacked", <i>The Sunday Age</i>, 6 November 2005, p. 13</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080205110200/http://www.aph.gov.au/library/elect/referend/pleb.htm">"Plebiscite results: National Song Poll"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Australia" title="Parliament of Australia">Parliament of Australia</a>. 30 June 2002. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aph.gov.au/library/elect/referend/pleb.htm">the original</a> on 5 February 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Plebiscite+results%3A+National+Song+Poll&rft.pub=Parliament+of+Australia&rft.date=2002-06-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aph.gov.au%2Flibrary%2Felect%2Freferend%2Fpleb.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+Australia+Fair" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070830052800/http://www.aph.gov.au/library/handbook/national_symbols/index.htm">"Parliamentary Handbook of the Commonwealth of Australia – National Symbols"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Australia" title="Parliament of Australia">Parliament of Australia</a>. 21 September 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aph.gov.au/library/handbook/national_symbols/index.htm">the original</a> on 30 August 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Parliamentary+Handbook+of+the+Commonwealth+of+Australia+%E2%80%93+National+Symbols&rft.pub=Parliament+of+Australia&rft.date=2005-09-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aph.gov.au%2Flibrary%2Fhandbook%2Fnational_symbols%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+Australia+Fair" class="Z3988"></span> (proclamation by Governor-General dated 19 April 1984)</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pmc.gov.au/government/australian-national-anthem">"Australian National Anthem"</a>. <i>Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet</i>. Australian Government<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Department+of+the+Prime+Minister+and+Cabinet&rft.atitle=Australian+National+Anthem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pmc.gov.au%2Fgovernment%2Faustralian-national-anthem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+Australia+Fair" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pmc.gov.au/government/australian-national-anthem/use-australian-national-anthem">"Use of the Australian National Anthem"</a>. Australian Government: Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Use+of+the+Australian+National+Anthem&rft.pub=Australian+Government%3A+Department+of+the+Prime+Minister+and+Cabinet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpmc.gov.au%2Fgovernment%2Faustralian-national-anthem%2Fuse-australian-national-anthem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+Australia+Fair" class="Z3988"></span> Undated.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110822093116/http://www.tommytycho.com.au/arranger.htm">"Tommy Tycho—Arranger"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tommytycho.com.au/arranger.htm">the original</a> on 22 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2011</span>. <q>Tommy's musical arrangement of Advance Australia Fair has become the definitive and preferred version that is performed at major sporting and community events around the country. It was first commissioned by ABC Records in 1984 and then televised by Channel 10 in 1986 in their Australia Day Broadcast, featuring Julie Anthony AM, MBE as the soloist.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tommy+Tycho%E2%80%94Arranger&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tommytycho.com.au%2Farranger.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+Australia+Fair" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-04-04/australian-conductor-composer-tommy-tycho-dies/4610048">"Australian composer Tommy Tycho dies"</a>. <i>ABC News</i>. 4 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Australian+composer+Tommy+Tycho+dies&rft.date=2013-04-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2013-04-04%2Faustralian-conductor-composer-tommy-tycho-dies%2F4610048&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+Australia+Fair" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:1-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2021G00004">"Australian National Anthem – Proclamation of Amended Words"</a>. <i>Federal Register of Legislation</i>. Australian Government. 30 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Federal+Register+of+Legislation&rft.atitle=Australian+National+Anthem+%E2%80%93+Proclamation+of+Amended+Words&rft.date=2020-12-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.gov.au%2FDetails%2FC2021G00004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+Australia+Fair" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-anthem-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-anthem_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-anthem_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071023080802/http://www.dfat.gov.au/facts/nat_anthem.html">"The Australian National Anthem"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_Trade_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (Australia)">Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dfat.gov.au/facts/nat_anthem.html">the original</a> on 23 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Australian+National+Anthem&rft.pub=Department+of+Foreign+Affairs+and+Trade&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dfat.gov.au%2Ffacts%2Fnat_anthem.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+Australia+Fair" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFHurst2020" class="citation news cs1">Hurst, Daniel (31 December 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/dec/31/we-are-one-and-free-australian-anthem-to-change-in-attempt-to-recognise-indigenous-history">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'We are one and free': Australia's national anthem to change in attempt to recognise Indigenous history"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27We+are+one+and+free%27%3A+Australia%27s+national+anthem+to+change+in+attempt+to+recognise+Indigenous+history&rft.date=2020-12-31&rft.aulast=Hurst&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Faustralia-news%2F2020%2Fdec%2F31%2Fwe-are-one-and-free-australian-anthem-to-change-in-attempt-to-recognise-indigenous-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+Australia+Fair" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.mus-an6397822">"Digital Collections – Advance Australia Fair (1901–1919)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Australia" title="National Library of Australia">National Library of Australia</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Digital+Collections+%E2%80%93+Advance+Australia+Fair+%281901%E2%80%931919%29&rft.pub=National+Library+of+Australia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.mus-an6397822&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+Australia+Fair" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-1879_Version-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1879_Version_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article62087415">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Advance, Australia Fair'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Clarence_and_Richmond_Examiner_and_New_England_Advertiser" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarence and Richmond Examiner and New England Advertiser">Clarence and Richmond Examiner and New England Advertiser</a></i>. Vol. XX, no. 1472. 13 September 1879. p. 3<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2020</span> – via National Library of Australia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clarence+and+Richmond+Examiner+and+New+England+Advertiser&rft.atitle=%27Advance%2C+Australia+Fair%27&rft.volume=XX&rft.issue=1472&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1879-09-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.news-article62087415&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+Australia+Fair" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFHurst2020" class="citation news cs1">Hurst, Daniel (31 December 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/dec/31/we-are-one-and-free-australian-anthem-to-change-in-attempt-to-recognise-indigenous-history">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'We are one and free': Australia's national anthem to change in attempt to recognise Indigenous history"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27We+are+one+and+free%27%3A+Australia%27s+national+anthem+to+change+in+attempt+to+recognise+Indigenous+history&rft.date=2020-12-31&rft.aulast=Hurst&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Faustralia-news%2F2020%2Fdec%2F31%2Fwe-are-one-and-free-australian-anthem-to-change-in-attempt-to-recognise-indigenous-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+Australia+Fair" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Fraser_prefers_Matilda-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fraser_prefers_Matilda_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fraser_prefers_Matilda_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article131815544">"PM wants 'Matilda' at Games"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Canberra_Times" title="The Canberra Times">The Canberra Times</a></i>. Vol. 50, no. 14, 370. 5 May 1976. p. 10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2021</span> – via National Library of Australia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Canberra+Times&rft.atitle=PM+wants+%27Matilda%27+at+Games&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=14%2C+370&rft.pages=10&rft.date=1976-05-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.news-article131815544&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+Australia+Fair" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell2008" class="citation news cs1">Campbell, David (22 April 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heraldsun.com.au/opinion/time-girt-went-down-the-gurgler/story-e6frfifo-1111116123498">"Time girt went down the gurgler"</a>. <i>Herald Sun</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Herald+Sun&rft.atitle=Time+girt+went+down+the+gurgler&rft.date=2008-04-22&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heraldsun.com.au%2Fopinion%2Ftime-girt-went-down-the-gurgler%2Fstory-e6frfifo-1111116123498&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+Australia+Fair" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFBarbie_Dutter2001" class="citation news cs1">Barbie Dutter (27 June 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2001/06/22/waust22.xml">"Call to scrap Australia's 'dull' anthem"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph_(Sydney)" title="The Daily Telegraph (Sydney)">The Daily Telegraph (Sydney)</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph+%28Sydney%29&rft.atitle=Call+to+scrap+Australia%27s+%27dull%27+anthem&rft.date=2001-06-27&rft.au=Barbie+Dutter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fmain.jhtml%3Fxml%3D%2Fnews%2F2001%2F06%2F22%2Fwaust22.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+Australia+Fair" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2021">dead link</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,4057,1570357%5E1683,00.html">"Advance Australia Fair strikes a sour note"</a>. <i>The Australian</i>. 2 January 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Australian&rft.atitle=Advance+Australia+Fair+strikes+a+sour+note&rft.date=2001-01-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.com.au%2Fcommon%2Fstory_page%2F0%2C4057%2C1570357%255E1683%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+Australia+Fair" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2016">dead link</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20010719092243/http://www.abc.net.au/news/politics/2001/06/item20010621121726_1.htm">"Senator reignites debate over national anthem"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(Australia)" title="ABC News (Australia)">ABC News</a></i>. 21 June 2001. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/politics/2001/06/item20010621121726_1.htm">the original</a> on 19 July 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Senator+reignites+debate+over+national+anthem&rft.date=2001-06-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2F2001%2F06%2Fitem20010621121726_1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+Australia+Fair" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFGrant_McArthur2011" class="citation web cs1">Grant McArthur (11 February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20140812021914/http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/strewth-time-for-dinki-di-anthem/story-e6frea6u-1226004056508">"Jeff Kennett wants national anthem change"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Advertiser_(Adelaide)" title="The Advertiser (Adelaide)">The Advertiser</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/strewth-time-for-dinki-di-anthem/story-e6frea6u-1226004056508">the original</a> on 12 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Advertiser&rft.atitle=Jeff+Kennett+wants+national+anthem+change&rft.date=2011-02-11&rft.au=Grant+McArthur&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adelaidenow.com.au%2Fnews%2Fstrewth-time-for-dinki-di-anthem%2Fstory-e6frea6u-1226004056508&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+Australia+Fair" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010718044509/http://www.alp.org.au/media/0601/kbmcact210601.html">"Kim Beazley – Doorstop Interview (transcript)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Australian Labor Party</a>. 21 June 2001. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alp.org.au/media/0601/kbmcact210601.html">the original</a> on 18 July 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kim+Beazley+%E2%80%93+Doorstop+Interview+%28transcript%29&rft.pub=Australian+Labor+Party&rft.date=2001-06-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alp.org.au%2Fmedia%2F0601%2Fkbmcact210601.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+Australia+Fair" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thewest.com.au/news/indigenous-australians/alternative-version-of-advance-australia-fair-recognises-aboriginal-culture-ng-b88484280z">"New version of national anthem cuts 'offensive' lyrics"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_West_Australian" title="The West Australian">The West Australian</a></i>. 22 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+West+Australian&rft.atitle=New+version+of+national+anthem+cuts+%27offensive%27+lyrics&rft.date=2017-05-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthewest.com.au%2Fnews%2Findigenous-australians%2Falternative-version-of-advance-australia-fair-recognises-aboriginal-culture-ng-b88484280z&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+Australia+Fair" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFKelen2002" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Kelen" title="Christopher Kelen">Kelen, Christopher</a> (July 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190228233128/http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0207/fairisfair.php">"How fair is fair? The colour of justice in Australia's official anthem"</a>. <i>M/C: A Journal of Media and Culture</i>. <b>5</b> (4). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5204%2Fmcj.1964">10.5204/mcj.1964</a></span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0207/fairisfair.php">the original</a> on 28 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=M%2FC%3A+A+Journal+of+Media+and+Culture&rft.atitle=How+fair+is+fair%3F+The+colour+of+justice+in+Australia%27s+official+anthem&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=4&rft.date=2002-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5204%2Fmcj.1964&rft.aulast=Kelen&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjournal.media-culture.org.au%2F0207%2Ffairisfair.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+Australia+Fair" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sbs.com.au/news/anthony-mundine-won-t-stand-for-anthem">"Anthony Mundine won't stand for anthem"</a>. <i>SBS News</i>. 23 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SBS+News&rft.atitle=Anthony+Mundine+won%27t+stand+for+anthem&rft.date=2018-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sbs.com.au%2Fnews%2Fanthony-mundine-won-t-stand-for-anthem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+Australia+Fair" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFSiganto2018" class="citation web cs1">Siganto, Talissa (12 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-09-12/national-anthem-protest-school-brisbane/10235792">"9yo refuses to stand for the anthem because it's for 'white people of Australia'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>ABC News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=9yo+refuses+to+stand+for+the+anthem+because+it%27s+for+%27white+people+of+Australia%27&rft.date=2018-09-12&rft.aulast=Siganto&rft.aufirst=Talissa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2018-09-12%2Fnational-anthem-protest-school-brisbane%2F10235792&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+Australia+Fair" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFMcFadyen2018" class="citation web cs1">McFadyen, Warwick (16 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/national/advance-australia-fair-is-an-anthem-that-is-racist-at-so-many-levels-20180916-p5043s.html">"Advance Australia Fair is an anthem that is racist at so many levels"</a>. <i>The Sydney Morning Herald</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Advance+Australia+Fair+is+an+anthem+that+is+racist+at+so+many+levels&rft.date=2018-09-16&rft.aulast=McFadyen&rft.aufirst=Warwick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fnational%2Fadvance-australia-fair-is-an-anthem-that-is-racist-at-so-many-levels-20180916-p5043s.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+Australia+Fair" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2018/09/12/australian-lawmakers-attack-year-old-girl-who-refused-stand-during-their-national-anthem/">"Australian lawmakers attack 9-year-old girl who refused to stand during their national anthem"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Australian+lawmakers+attack+9-year-old+girl+who+refused+to+stand+during+their+national+anthem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2F2018%2F09%2F12%2Faustralian-lawmakers-attack-year-old-girl-who-refused-stand-during-their-national-anthem%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+Australia+Fair" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/sport/nrl/indigenous-rapper-briggs-takes-down-advance-australia-fair-line-by-line/news-story/24679293a25df65623f4ed29ed8d53b7">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'This song sucks': Rapper slams anthem"</a>. <i>www.dailytelegraph.com.au</i>. 5 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.dailytelegraph.com.au&rft.atitle=%27This+song+sucks%27%3A+Rapper+slams+anthem&rft.date=2019-06-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailytelegraph.com.au%2Fsport%2Fnrl%2Findigenous-rapper-briggs-takes-down-advance-australia-fair-line-by-line%2Fnews-story%2F24679293a25df65623f4ed29ed8d53b7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+Australia+Fair" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFPengilly2019" class="citation web cs1">Pengilly, Christian Nicolussi, Adam (28 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/sport/nrl/cody-walker-to-remain-silent-during-advance-australia-fair-20190528-p51s2d.html">"Cody Walker to remain silent during Advance Australia Fair"</a>. <i>The Sydney Morning Herald</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Cody+Walker+to+remain+silent+during+Advance+Australia+Fair&rft.date=2019-05-28&rft.aulast=Pengilly&rft.aufirst=Christian+Nicolussi%2C+Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fsport%2Fnrl%2Fcody-walker-to-remain-silent-during-advance-australia-fair-20190528-p51s2d.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+Australia+Fair" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sbs.com.au/nitv/nitv-news/article/2015/11/06/judith-durhams-new-anthem-lyric-contemporary-australia">"Judith Durham's new anthem: 'Lyric For Contemporary Australia'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>NITV</i>. 6 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NITV&rft.atitle=Judith+Durham%27s+new+anthem%3A+%27Lyric+For+Contemporary+Australia%27&rft.date=2015-11-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sbs.com.au%2Fnitv%2Fnitv-news%2Farticle%2F2015%2F11%2F06%2Fjudith-durhams-new-anthem-lyric-contemporary-australia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+Australia+Fair" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFCheetham2015" class="citation web cs1">Cheetham, Deborah (19 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconversation.com/young-and-free-why-i-declined-to-sing-the-national-anthem-at-the-2015-afl-grand-final-49234">"Young and free? Why I declined to sing the national anthem at the 2015 AFL Grand Final"</a>. <i>The Conversation</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Conversation&rft.atitle=Young+and+free%3F+Why+I+declined+to+sing+the+national+anthem+at+the+2015+AFL+Grand+Final&rft.date=2015-10-19&rft.aulast=Cheetham&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fyoung-and-free-why-i-declined-to-sing-the-national-anthem-at-the-2015-afl-grand-final-49234&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+Australia+Fair" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191225012438/https://www.rap.org.au/">"Recognition in Anthem"</a>. <i>Recognition in Anthem</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rap.org.au/">the original</a> on 25 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Recognition+in+Anthem&rft.atitle=Recognition+in+Anthem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rap.org.au%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+Australia+Fair" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sbs.com.au/nitv/article/2017/04/06/new-call-update-national-anthem">"New call to update the National Anthem"</a>. <i>NITV</i>. 6 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NITV&rft.atitle=New+call+to+update+the+National+Anthem&rft.date=2017-04-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sbs.com.au%2Fnitv%2Farticle%2F2017%2F04%2F06%2Fnew-call-update-national-anthem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+Australia+Fair" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFPower2019" class="citation web cs1">Power, Julie (13 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/national/we-are-one-not-young-change-to-national-anthem-proposed-20190912-p52qs7.html">"We are 'one', not 'young': Change to national anthem proposed"</a>. <i>The Sydney Morning Herald</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=We+are+%27one%27%2C+not+%27young%27%3A+Change+to+national+anthem+proposed&rft.date=2019-09-13&rft.aulast=Power&rft.aufirst=Julie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fnational%2Fwe-are-one-not-young-change-to-national-anthem-proposed-20190912-p52qs7.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+Australia+Fair" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200229135026/https://www.rap.org.au/milestones">"Milestones"</a>. <i>Recognition in Anthem</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rap.org.au/milestones">the original</a> on 29 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Recognition+in+Anthem&rft.atitle=Milestones&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rap.org.au%2Fmilestones&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+Australia+Fair" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thewest.com.au/news/indigenous-australians/alternative-version-of-advance-australia-fair-recognises-aboriginal-culture-ng-b88484280z">"New version of national anthem cuts 'offensive' lyrics"</a>. <i>The West Australian</i>. 22 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+West+Australian&rft.atitle=New+version+of+national+anthem+cuts+%27offensive%27+lyrics&rft.date=2017-05-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthewest.com.au%2Fnews%2Findigenous-australians%2Falternative-version-of-advance-australia-fair-recognises-aboriginal-culture-ng-b88484280z&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+Australia+Fair" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/politics/nsw/a-small-change-can-make-advance-australia-fair-a-better-anthem-20201111-p56dpe.html">"A small change can make Advance Australia Fair a better anthem"</a>. <i>The Sydney Morning Herald</i>. 11 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=A+small+change+can+make+Advance+Australia+Fair+a+better+anthem&rft.date=2020-11-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fpolitics%2Fnsw%2Fa-small-change-can-make-advance-australia-fair-a-better-anthem-20201111-p56dpe.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+Australia+Fair" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFYoung2020" class="citation web cs1">Young, Evan (7 December 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sbs.com.au/news/anthony-mundine-and-latrell-mitchell-speak-out-on-indigenous-language-national-anthem">"Anthony Mundine and Latrell Mitchell speak out on Indigenous-language national anthem"</a>. <i>SBS News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SBS+News&rft.atitle=Anthony+Mundine+and+Latrell+Mitchell+speak+out+on+Indigenous-language+national+anthem&rft.date=2020-12-07&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Evan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sbs.com.au%2Fnews%2Fanthony-mundine-and-latrell-mitchell-speak-out-on-indigenous-language-national-anthem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+Australia+Fair" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFWyatt2021" class="citation news cs1">Wyatt, Ken (1 January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/changing-the-national-anthem-is-real-reconciliation-20210101-p56r6v.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Changing the national anthem is real reconciliation'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Sydney Morning Herald</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=%27Changing+the+national+anthem+is+real+reconciliation%27&rft.date=2021-01-01&rft.aulast=Wyatt&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fpolitics%2Ffederal%2Fchanging-the-national-anthem-is-real-reconciliation-20210101-p56r6v.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+Australia+Fair" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-:0-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFKhan" class="citation web cs1">Khan, Biwa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sbs.com.au/news/australia-s-national-anthem-changed-to-reflect-stories-of-the-many-first-nations-peoples">"Australia's national anthem changed to reflect 'stories of the many First Nations peoples'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>SBS News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SBS+News&rft.atitle=Australia%27s+national+anthem+changed+to+reflect+%27stories+of+the+many+First+Nations+peoples%27&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Biwa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sbs.com.au%2Fnews%2Faustralia-s-national-anthem-changed-to-reflect-stories-of-the-many-first-nations-peoples&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+Australia+Fair" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFCurtis2020" class="citation news cs1">Curtis, Katina (31 December 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/not-forever-young-australia-now-a-nation-that-is-one-and-free-20201231-p56r2x.html">"Not forever young: Australia now a nation that is 'one and free'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Sydney Morning Herald</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Not+forever+young%3A+Australia+now+a+nation+that+is+%27one+and+free%27&rft.date=2020-12-31&rft.aulast=Curtis&rft.aufirst=Katina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fpolitics%2Ffederal%2Fnot-forever-young-australia-now-a-nation-that-is-one-and-free-20201231-p56r2x.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+Australia+Fair" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Referendum Pamphlet. Published by the AEC on behalf of the No Campaign. (see page 5)
<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.aec.gov.au/referendums/files/pamphlet/your-official-yes-no-referendum-pamphlet.pdf">https://www.aec.gov.au/referendums/files/pamphlet/your-official-yes-no-referendum-pamphlet.pdf</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFTroy" class="citation web cs1">Troy, Jacqueline. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210108161757/https://dharug.dalang.com.au/Dharug/plugin_wiki/page/advance_australia_fair_in_dharawal">"Advance Australia Fair in Dharawal"</a>. <i>Dharug and Dharawal Resources</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dharug.dalang.com.au/Dharug/plugin_wiki/page/advance_australia_fair_in_dharawal">the original</a> on 8 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dharug+and+Dharawal+Resources&rft.atitle=Advance+Australia+Fair+in+Dharawal&rft.aulast=Troy&rft.aufirst=Jacqueline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdharug.dalang.com.au%2FDharug%2Fplugin_wiki%2Fpage%2Fadvance_australia_fair_in_dharawal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+Australia+Fair" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFFitzSimons2020" class="citation news cs1">FitzSimons, Peter (4 December 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/sport/rugby-union/indigenous-lyrics-to-super-charge-australian-anthem-20201204-p56kpa.html">"Indigenous lyrics to supercharge Australian anthem"</a>. <i>Sydney Morning Herald</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Indigenous+lyrics+to+supercharge+Australian+anthem&rft.date=2020-12-04&rft.aulast=FitzSimons&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fsport%2Frugby-union%2Findigenous-lyrics-to-super-charge-australian-anthem-20201204-p56kpa.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+Australia+Fair" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFKemp2020" class="citation news cs1">Kemp, Emma (5 December 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/dec/05/wallabies-sing-indigenous-language-australian-anthem-before-tri-nations-draw-with-argentina">"Wallabies sing Indigenous language Australian anthem before Tri-Nations draw with Argentina"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Wallabies+sing+Indigenous+language+Australian+anthem+before+Tri-Nations+draw+with+Argentina&rft.date=2020-12-05&rft.aulast=Kemp&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fsport%2F2020%2Fdec%2F05%2Fwallabies-sing-indigenous-language-australian-anthem-before-tri-nations-draw-with-argentina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+Australia+Fair" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-fire-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fire_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fire_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2011-09-23/christian-schools-changing-the-national-anthem/2939594">"Schools under fire for 'Christian' national anthem"</a>. <i>ABC News</i>. 23 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Schools+under+fire+for+%27Christian%27+national+anthem&rft.date=2011-09-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2011-09-23%2Fchristian-schools-changing-the-national-anthem%2F2939594&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+Australia+Fair" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/god-save-us-from-a-religious-chord/news-story/270f38a1abe51b7a203873258aefa121">"Christian schools re-write Australian national anthem"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph_(Sydney)" title="The Daily Telegraph (Sydney)">The Daily Telegraph</a></i>. Sydney. 2 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Christian+schools+re-write+Australian+national+anthem&rft.date=2011-10-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailytelegraph.com.au%2Fgod-save-us-from-a-religious-chord%2Fnews-story%2F270f38a1abe51b7a203873258aefa121&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvance+Australia+Fair" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advance_Australia_Fair&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1217336898"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha">
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advance_Australia_Fair&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1217611005"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409">
<div class="side-box-flex">
<div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div>
<div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article:
<div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Advance_Australia_Fair" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Special:Search/Advance Australia Fair">Advance Australia Fair</a></b></div></div></div>
</div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.australia.gov.au/our-country">Lyrics</a> on official government website</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nationalanthems.me/australia-advance-australia-fair/">Streaming audio of <i>Advance Australia Fair</i> with links and information</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180520150238/http://nationalanthems.me/australia-advance-australia-fair/">archive link</a>)</li>
<li>Australian Government websites:
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071109134834/http://www.itsanhonour.gov.au/symbols/anthem.cfm#download">Official published lyrics, music with band parts and sound recordings</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pmc.gov.au/sites/default/files/files/pmc/Honours/AusNatAnthem_FULLSCORE.pdf">Four-part musical score & lyrics PDF 169 KB</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190321111310/https://www.pmc.gov.au/sites/default/files/files/pmc/Honours/AusNatAnthem_FULLSCORE.pdf">Archived</a> 21 March 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pmc.gov.au/sites/default/files/files/pmc/Honours/anthem_vocal_solo.mp3">Australian National Anthem Audio for download (MP3 2.04 MB)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190321111342/https://www.pmc.gov.au/sites/default/files/files/pmc/Honours/anthem_vocal_solo.mp3">Archived</a> 21 March 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141027034911/http://www.dfat.gov.au/facts/nat_anthem.html">Department of Foreign Affair and Trade's webpage on Advance Australia Fair</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927161820/http://www.musicaustralia.org/apps/MA?function=searchResults&searchInitiated=true&scope=scope&simpleTerm=advance+australia+fair&searchbutton.x=36&searchbutton.y=14">Online scores held by Australian government libraries (The MusicAustralia collaboration)</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050716020728/http://www.diggerhistory.info/sound/advance-orig01.mp3">Advance Australia Fair (Original Lyrics) – Australian singer Peter Dawson (c. 1930)</a></li></ul>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1061467846">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_anthems_of_Oceania_and_the_Pacific_Islands" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1063604349">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_anthems_of_Oceania_and_the_Pacific_Islands" title="Template:National anthems of Oceania and the Pacific Islands"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_anthems_of_Oceania_and_the_Pacific_Islands" title="Template talk:National anthems of Oceania and the Pacific Islands"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_anthems_of_Oceania_and_the_Pacific_Islands" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National anthems of Oceania and the Pacific Islands"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_anthems_of_Oceania_and_the_Pacific_Islands" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_anthem" title="National anthem">National anthems</a> of Oceania and the Pacific Islands</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National anthems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Australia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Te_Atua_Mou_E" title="Te Atua Mou E">Cook Islands</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/God_Bless_Fiji" title="God Bless Fiji">Fiji</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kunan_Kiribati" title="Kunan Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Forever_Marshall_Islands" title="Forever Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Patriots_of_Micronesia" title="Patriots of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nauru_Bwiema" title="Nauru Bwiema">Nauru</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_anthems_of_New_Zealand" title="National anthems of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ko_e_Iki_he_Lagi" title="Ko e Iki he Lagi">Niue</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Belau_rekid" title="Belau rekid">Palau</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/O_Arise,_All_You_Sons" title="O Arise, All You Sons">Papua New Guinea</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_Banner_of_Freedom" title="The Banner of Freedom">Samoa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/God_Save_Our_Solomon_Islands" title="God Save Our Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ko_e_fasi_%CA%BBo_e_tu%CA%BBi_%CA%BBo_e_%CA%BBOtu_Tonga" title="Ko e fasi ʻo e tuʻi ʻo e ʻOtu Tonga">Tonga</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu_mo_te_Atua" title="Tuvalu mo te Atua">Tuvalu</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Yumi,_Yumi,_Yumi" title="Yumi, Yumi, Yumi">Vanuatu</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional anthems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amerika_Samoa" title="Amerika Samoa">American Samoa</a> (US)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/My_Bougainville" title="My Bougainville">Bougainville</a> (PNG)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_Anthem_of_Chile" title="National Anthem of Chile">Easter Island</a> (Chile)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ia_Ora_%27O_Tahiti_Nui" title="Ia Ora 'O Tahiti Nui">French Polynesia</a> (France)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Stand_Ye_Guamanians" title="Stand Ye Guamanians">Guam</a> (US)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hawai%CA%BBi_Pono%CA%BB%C4%AB" title="Hawaiʻi Ponoʻī">Hawaii</a> (US)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Soyons_unis,_devenons_fr%C3%A8res" title="Soyons unis, devenons frères">New Caledonia</a> (France)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Come_Ye_Blessed" title="Come Ye Blessed">Norfolk Island</a> (Australia)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gi_Talo_Gi_Halom_Tasi" title="Gi Talo Gi Halom Tasi">Northern Mariana Islands</a> (US)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Come_Ye_Blessed" title="Come Ye Blessed">Pitcairn Islands</a> (UK)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Te_Atua_o_Tokelau" title="Te Atua o Tokelau">Tokelau</a> (NZ)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_Star-Spangled_Banner" title="The Star-Spangled Banner">United States Minor Outlying Islands</a> (US)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/La_Marseillaise" title="La Marseillaise">Wallis and Futuna</a> (France)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former anthems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/E_Ola_Ke_Ali%CA%BBi_Ke_Akua" title="E Ola Ke Aliʻi Ke Akua">Hawaii</a> <span class="nowrap">(1860–66)</span></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/He_Mele_Lahui_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="He Mele Lahui Hawaii">Hawaii</a> <span class="nowrap">(1866–76)</span></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ij_Io%CC%A7kwe_%C4%BBo%CC%A7k_Ael%C5%8Dn%CC%84_Eo_A%C5%8D" title="Ij Io̧kwe Ļo̧k Aelōn̄ Eo Aō">Marshall Islands</a> <span class="nowrap">(1977–91)</span></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Preamble_(anthem)" title="Preamble (anthem)">Federated States of Micronesia</a> <span class="nowrap">(1979–91)</span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170601#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/work/0e29b544-782c-32c3-932b-78b101de56b7">MusicBrainz work</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | '1714637495' |
